Abstract:
Priority and posterity are one of the expressive styles of the Qur’an and among its means of brevity، which denote the inimitability and beauty of style of the Holy Qur’an. Nevertheless، some of the orientalists have claimed that the Qur’an’s priority (taqaddum) and posterity (ta’akhkhur)، especially the priority and posterity of jar and majrūr (a preposition and the word it governs) have caused confusion among the addressees. Accordingly، examining various types and evidences of priority and posterity of jar and majrūr in the Holy Qur’an shows that this would result in understanding most of the verses and familiarization with style and art of rhetoric and eloquence and finally better understanding the Qur’an’s inimitability. In addition، all the prepositions do not have the same functions; rather، some of them have become prior over others due to their superior role and status and a number due to their conformity with the context of previous verses.
Machine summary:
In Quranic exegesis, great importance has been given to the lexical discussions of the Arabic language, and commentators, with the help of literary sciences such as morphology (sarf), syntax (nahw), and rhetoric (balagha), proceed to interpret the verses, explaining the meanings of the verses in accordance with the compositional and expressive structure of the words, such as precedence and postponement, mention and omission, definiteness and indefiniteness.
Alusi, in his tafsir, says in explaining the reason for the precedence and postponement of the preposition and its object in the two aforementioned verses: "The verse of Surah An-Nisa is presented in the context of testifying for oneself, parents, and relatives; therefore, the word 'qist' was advanced there.
The verse of Surah Al-Ma'idah also comes in the context of abandoning enmity and hostility; for this reason, 'upholding for Allah and in His way' has been advanced there, because this matter restrains the believers better, and following it, he has brought 'testifying with justice.
However, before verse 02 of Surah At-Tawbah, the boasting of the disbelievers through the renovation and reconstruction of Masjid al-Haram over the mujahideen has been mentioned; for this reason, it was appropriate that "Jihad in the way of Allah" be advanced (Ibn Jama'ah, 0991: 291).
Regarding the precedence and delay of the preposition and its object in the above verses, it must be said that in Surah Al-A'raf, "بِآیَاتِنَا" has been advanced because more attention has been given to it, and this can be understood from the context before and after the verse.
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