Abstract:
It is for humanity. In Islamic thought, Imamate serves as the interpreter of the school, the guardian of the school, and an indicator for knowing the school. Therefore, people should go to the Imam just as they go to the Kaaba and receive their religious teachings from him. The Imam is the knowledge, the guide, the leader, and the standard and criterion of Sharia. In its historical struggle, the Imamate has been the clarifier and protector of the school; the main goal in this historical struggle has been the expression of the school, its preservation, and its introduction and institutionalization within human society. Consequently, the flow of Imamate has employed certain methods for this purpose and, as its strategic strategy, has implemented these methods, actions, and reactions, which are discussed in detail in this writing. The method of preserving the school from the danger of distortion involves explaining the school in a contemporary way so that the general principles of the school can be presented purely and effectively in every historical period; fighting against extremism (Ghuluw) to prevent and protect society from deviant currents, for which extensive efforts have been made; rule-orientedness in explaining Sharia so that individuals do not make themselves the criterion of Sharia; setting the Quran as the criterion for interpreting Sharia; fighting against sectarianism within religious societies and within the scope of the school, as well as fighting against the Waqifiyya, the Ghaliyan, the Khawarij, etc.; conducting scientific debates to defend general principles and intellectual, cognitive, and school-based foundations; and revealing the true face of court scholars in history to prevent the deviation of the Ummah. Systemic school-orientedness and unity within the school-based society were methods that the Shia Imams (peace be upon them) applied in their school-based movements. The religious school is a comprehensive divine theory regarding the administration of social systems and human life, which has been given to humanity by divine prophets. Divine prophets presented religion to humanity through luminous chains, and at a point in the historical cycles, the dissemination of revelatory teachings concluded. Finality (Khatamiyyat) is the concept of the descent of all laws to humanity so that they may serve as a permanent and eternal guide and leader. Revelation has concluded, but the need for revelatory teachings is an eternal and permanent need.
Machine summary:
Methods of preserving the school from the danger of distortion include: the contemporary explanation of the school, so that the general principles of the school can be presented in a pure and up-to-date manner in every historical period; fighting against extremism (ghuluw) to prevent and protect society from deviant currents, which have made extensive efforts in this regard; rule-based approach in explaining Sharia so that individuals do not place themselves as the criterion of Sharia; using the Quran as the criterion for interpreting Sharia; fighting against sectarianism within religious communities and within the scope of the school, as well as fighting against the Waqifiyya, the Ghulat, the Khawarij, etc.
The Imams, peace be upon them, clarified several novel and important points through this method: 1) The religious beliefs of the People of the Book are mixed with exaggerated Ghuluw; 2) The Prophet of Islam, peace be upon him and his family, was tasked with fighting against Ghuluw (extremism) and extremists regarding the affairs of the Prophet and the Imams, peace be upon them; 3) Extremism in religion leads to the corruption of religious beliefs and will lead to widespread and numerous corruptions; 4) The Islamic community must beware of the extremists so that epistemological and ideological tribulations do not arise; 5) The extremists are more impure and filthier than the Jews, the Christians, the Magians, and the polytheists; 6) They ruled the extremists to be impure (najis); 7) The result of extremism in beliefs and Ghuluw is the justification for killing extremists in their beliefs; 8) The many misguidances of history are the result of Ghuluw and misguided false thoughts; 9) Extremism in beliefs has a carnal root; 01) Extremists fuel the deviation of society and make the face of the religious community confused and stained; 11) Following the beliefs of the extremists is forbidden and constitutes entering the realm of polytheism (shirk); 21) The followers of divine religions, when they separated from the school of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, turned to and fueled Ghuluw.
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