Abstract:
Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib is a companion and uncle of the Prophet. The conflicting narratives and historical sources about him and his position as the ancestor of the Abbasid dynasty show that it is necessary to examine the formation of his personality from the perspective of the influence of the political discourse of the Abbasids. Because the time of establishment of Abbasid government was parallel with compilation of Islamic sources. Also, the Abbasid caliphate faced a legitimacy crisis due to conflicts with the Alawites. This research has been done by historical analysis method and using narrative, Rijali and historical sources. This article shows that Abbas did not become a Muslim until the conquest of Mecca, and the narrations praising him and honoring him and his family are doubtful. His historical character was formed in two stages due to the Abbasid government's need for legitimacy. First, they had to align themselves with the Alevis. But after the uprising of the descendants of Imam Hassan and the crisis of legitimacy, they took a new action; Thus, by taking advantage of the theory of inheritance of uncles, they forged the Abbasid imamate dynasty and praised its members, including Abbas, with exaggeration.
Machine summary:
The recognition and re-examination of the biographical (rijali) character of Abbas as the ancestor of this influential and powerful dynasty and, at the same time, the usurper of the divine right of rule of the family of Ali bin Abi Talib (as), while considering the logical possibility of the influence of their discourse on the formation of his character in hadith and historical sources, can reveal aspects of Islamic history and pave the way for subsequent research.
Some have said that Abbas was not among the 'Tulaqa' (the released ones); because he had gone to the Prophet (s) before the Conquest of Mecca (al-Dhahabi, 1413: 2/79), but considering some Quranic verses and narrations related to the Conquest of Mecca and the movement of migrants from Medina to Mecca, if Abbas had embraced Islam, it would have been expected that he would reach Medina before the Conquest of Mecca; whereas after the Conquest of Mecca—when the remaining leaders of the polytheistic Quraysh were forced to enter Islam—he was among those granted the Prophet's (s) general amnesty (Tulaqa); in addition to the fact that the fixed position of the Quran regarding those claiming faith in Islam in Mecca was that if they were telling the truth, they should migrate to Medina; such as verse 72 of Surah Al-Anfal, which was revealed in the early Medinan period and explicitly states this matter: "Those who have believed and migrated and fought with their wealth and their lives in the cause of Allah and those who have given shelter and aided - they are allies of one another.
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