Abstract:
The escape of Ashraf Ghani and the return to power of the Taliban in Afghanistan brought the process of developments in this country to a new stage. After one year of the caretaker government of the Taliban, gaining international legitimacy is still the most important challenge of the Taliban leaders, and during this time, the inclusive government has not been formed. The lack of fair distribution of power in the second government of the Taliban and the emphasis of its leaders on the inclusiveness of the current government and the rejection of the leaders of the former government due to cooperation with the United States have caused the recognition of the current government by the countries of the world, even neighboring countries, not to be a priority. Of course, there has been more or less interaction and communication between the neighboring governments and the political leaders of the Taliban. Meanwhile, some understandings have also caused border disputes with neighboring countries. Regarding the border disputes between Iran and the current rulers of Afghanistan, while acknowledging the existence of some border and water disputes, the role of biased arbitration of colonial countries, especially the British, should be mentioned. At the current stage, with the coming of the Taliban to power and the disgraceful exit and defeat of the United States in Afghanistan, many efforts have been made to turn the border disputes between Iran and Afghanistan into border conflicts, and then through Iranophobia in Afghanistan and Afghanophobia and Talibanphobia in Iran, the two countries are practically divided. involved in ethnic-religious war and in another way to implement the constructive chaos project in Afghanistan and its neighboring countries.
Machine summary:
Before the division, Sistan was an integrated and homogeneous region, and the inhabitants on both sides of the river, according to custom and common practice, used the Helmand water for their agricultural and drinking purposes, and essentially, there was no issue called a border dispute or conflict 3 (Rahmanian and Baraghi, 2010: 57).
Furthermore, Afghans claimed Iranian lands in this region and protestingly requested arbitration from Britain regarding this matter MacMahon issued his decision in the winter of 1284 SH (1902 AD), which allocated two-thirds of the Helmand water reaching the Kamal Khan Dam to Afghanistan and one-third to Iran, and authorized the two governments of Iran and Afghanistan to use existing canals, rehabilitate abandoned canals, and construct new ones, provided that the amount of water required for the irrigation of the lands of each of the two countries does not decrease.
Since negotiations regarding the Helmand water rights could take a long time, the governments of Iran and Afghanistan dispatched their representatives to the site, who, on February 22, 1937 (3 Esfand 1315), agreed through a temporary protocol that whatever amount of water reaches the Kamal Khan Dam should be divided equally between the two countries (Proceedings of the nineteenth session, 15th period of the National Consultative Assembly, September 24, 1947 [2 Mehr 1326]).
The third wave, which was in some way not unrelated to media atmosphere building, was the creation of false and engineered conflicts along the borders of Iran and Afghanistan, as well as creating disagreement between Iran and the second Taliban government over the issue of Iran's water rights from the Helmand River.
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