Expectation and Revolution Journal Article

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In their view, this belief and conviction has been the catalyst for changing the attitudes and behaviors of the Iranian people, strengthening the intellectual and cultural foundations of society, the increasing expansion of reformist ideas, the effort and striving for change and transformation, and the non-acceptance of political sovereignties, having hope and desire for the ultimate victory of uprising and revolution against injustices, and laying the groundwork for the global revolution of Mahdi al-Mawud, has been. (4) William Watt, a researcher at the University of Edinburgh, says in his book ((Islamism and Modernism)): ((Belief in the Imamate and the issue of expectation are among the characteristics of Shiism that play an important role in Shiite political thought)). Expectation has many concepts and components that are clearly written and established in the scientific and practical record of the Shiite world; including: Denying the status quo (corruption, oppression, injustice, and ruin); Rejection and non-acceptance of political governments (considering them illegitimate); Reformism and hope for a better life (relief and opening); Effort and striving for progress and advancement; Uprising, revolution, and continuous and active movement; Formation of legitimate and religious governments; Non-submission and non-compromise against oppressors and corrupters, etc. (18) The Necessary Understanding Throughout Shiite history, although these two understandings—especially before the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran—have manifested signs and effects; however, with regard to the course of socio-political developments in Iran and the world and the necessity of reformist and revolutionary actions, the correct understanding of expectation (uprising, effort, and striving) became the dominant theory among the Shiites and brought about wonderful effects and results.