Abstract:
Visualization is one of the main sub-branches of semantic norm deviation. This type of norm deviation examines the characteristics and aesthetic elements in literary texts and has an unbreakable connection with the science of rhetoric and the literary devices used in it. Visualization is mainly used to express abstract and rational concepts so that by depicting these categories of concepts in the form of concrete, sensory, and tangible shapes, it facilitates the dynamism and movement of images in literary texts. Visualization is divided into other sub-branches such as anthropomorphism, fluidism, and objectification, which, according to the nature and characteristics of each, have different frequencies of function in various texts. Nahj al-Balagha, in its multiple dimensions, both in terms of form and content and theme, has a strong connection with the Holy Quran; therefore, the type of expression of the Hazrat in recounting epistemological concepts or his personal thoughts is a reflection of the literary and artistic expression of the Holy Quran; for this reason, many literary images of the Quran have found a prominent manifestation in the text of Nahj al-Balagha. Hazrat Ali (AS) in his literary expression goes so far that the continuity and intertwining of his words with the words of revelation become one, and this intertwining is such that the text and intertextuality in the Hazrat's words find a single identity. What is addressed in this article is the examination of the visual images of the Holy Quran in Nahj al-Balagha from the perspective of semantic norm deviation relationships. Accordingly, in the present research, the function of the visual images of the Quran, which manifest in the form of anthropomorphism, zoomorphism, objectification, etc., is examined and evaluated in Nahj al-Balagha so that how each of the mentioned types functions in the context of the Hazrat's (AS) speech is analyzed and explained. The results of the research show that among the visual images, anthropomorphism in Nahj al-Balagha has a higher frequency compared to other types of visualization.
Machine summary:
The coexistence of this word with "al-maniyyah: death," which possesses a mental and abstract concept, has created a metaphorical image in the speech; meaning that a semantic component (+living) has been given to death, and it has been depicted in the form of a predatory animal, and "makhālib" (claws), as one of the characteristics of the "musta'ar minhu" (the thing from which something is borrowed)—which also contains an imaginative metaphor—has replaced it in the structure of the speech and has been used in the form of a primary implicit metaphor.
In all the aforementioned images, His Eminence (AS), by using the literary expression of the Quran as a model in the text of Nahj al-Balagha, engages in his unique literary creations, some examples of which will be mentioned below: - «حتي جعلوا نحورهم أغراض المنيۀ»(خطبه ٥١): "al-maniyyah: death" in standard language has an (+abstract) semantic component, which has become coexistent with the word "aghrad: target of archery.
The function of this type of embodied imagery is manifested in many examples in Nahj al-Balagha, in which Hazrat Ali (AS) makes certain intellectual and abstract concepts coexist with characteristics that are usually used in the definition of (+fluid) in the standard language.
Considering the sensory images of the Holy Quran regarding Taqwa and its important effects on the individual and social life of humans, Imam Ali introduces Taqwa and abstinence with the same descriptions mentioned in the Quran and in the form of sensory counterparts that Taqwa has been compared to, introduces into the text of Nahj al-Balagha and, in the context of his speech, in line with the Divine verses, places Taqwa in co-occurrence with words that possess the semantic characteristic (+body).
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