Abstract:
despite its significant political and social importance, the region of najd in the arabian peninsula has received little attention from researchers of early islamic history and the prophet's biography (sira). the focus of traditional narratives has been on the conflicts between the prophet and the quraysh, as well as the prophet and the jewish tribes. however, najd, located in eastern hijaz, was a crucial region where many of the prophet's military campaigns took place, and some of his missionary activities occurred. this paper aims to investigate the reaction of najd tribes to the prophet's call and expansion in najd, and the outcomes of the prophet's actions in this region. the findings suggest that the ghatafani tribes, one of the major tribal groups in najd, largely resisted the spread of the prophet's call in najd until the end of the prophetic period, posing significant security threats to medina and actively collaborating with the quraysh and jewish tribes.
Machine summary:
Existing reports of the battles during the Prophet's era show that the Ghatafan tribes inhabited the northeast of Medina near Khaybar, the mountains of Tayy, and also Wadi al-Qura (Ibn Khaldun, 1988: 3644).
According to this report, Muslim forces were dispatched solely to confront the forces gathered by Banu Sulaym in the "Kudr" region, and therefore this dispatch cannot be considered in the history of the relations between Muslims and the Ghatafan tribes (Ibn Hisham, n.
The report of Ibn Ishaq and the three reports of al-Waqidi show that the first encounters of the Ghatafan tribes with Muslim forces took place in central Najd and east of Medina.
According to the narration of Ibn Ishaq, one year after the Battle of the Confederates, in Rabi' al-Awwal or Rabi' al-Thani of the sixth year of the Hijri calendar, Uyaynah bin Hisn, the chief of the Fazara tribe, along with forty horsemen, attacked the Prophet's camel herd in al-Ghabah, on the outskirts of Medina, stole twenty milking camels, killed the shepherd, the son of Abu Dharr, and took Abu Dharr's wife as a captive.
According to reports, in the sixth year of the Hijri, members of the Ashja tribe including 700 people accepted Islam (Ibn Sa'd, 1990: 2331), while other Ghatafan tribes continued to resist the Prophet for two years after that.
Edited by Adel Ahmad Abd al-Mawjud and Ali Muhammad Muawwad, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya.
Edited by Adel Ahmad Abd al-Mawjud and Ali Muhammad Muawwad, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya.
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