Abstract:
In this article, while examining the historical developments of Waqf in the Indian subcontinent, the author introduces the oldest Waqf works in this region. In this article, the role of Sufis in the development of endowments and the role of Awqaf in the expansion of sciences have been analyzed. Finally, the role of the colonial British government in weakening the Awqaf in the Indian subcontinent is explained.
Machine summary:
Large amounts of property were endowed by sultans, sheikhs, scholars, and emirs for the administration of mosques, schools, and charitable affairs; however, its comprehensive expansion in India took shape from 306 AH / 917 AD with the establishment of the first Muslim government in Delhi, and the network of endowments expanded throughout the territory of the Muslim rule in the north and northwest of the Indian subcontinent.
b After the complete continuation of Muslim rule in the subcontinent in 306 AH / 6021 AD, a major portion of the endowment income during that period was allocated to the growth of various branches of science and was spent on the construction and management of religious schools, mosques, khanqahs, and hospitals1.
After India's independence in 1947 AD, despite economic, social, and political problems, the Muslims of India, using the benevolent system of waqf (endowment) in Islam, created a vast and extensive network of mosques, religious and modern schools, orphanages, and libraries throughout India, which are managed from the income of the associated endowed properties.
British Intervention in Waqf Affairs After the suppression of the great uprising of the Muslims of India in the years 1857 and 1858, the British occupying army looted and destroyed most of the Muslim cultural centers, such as religious schools, mosques, shrines, and libraries, all of which were considered endowments.
In 1913 AD, under heavy pressure from Indian Muslim scholars and scientists and in accordance with their suggestions, the British government passed a new law for endowment affairs titled "the musalman waqf validating act, 1913".
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