Abstract:
Professional ethics is a necessity for organizing the market, which in Islamic civilization has been addressed through the compilation of texts based on 'Islamic foundations.' Since the governmental-social institution of Hisba was responsible for supervising professional ethics in the Islamic market, texts such as 'Nihayat al-Rutba fi Talab al-Hisba al-Sharifa' by Shizari, 'Nihayat al-Rutba fi Talab al-Hisba' by Ibn Bassam, and 'Ma'alim al-Qurba fi Talab al-Hisba' by Ibn Akhuwayh reflect professional ethics in the Islamic Middle Ages. This research aims to show the historical trend, similarities, and differences in professional ethics in these three books through comparison. Given this issue, the research method is descriptive-qualitative and comparative; based on the research findings, the number of professions of interest to the Hisba supervisors has had an increasing trend, but this increasing trend in ethical recommendations regarding each profession has increased more than the number of professions themselves. Thus, it can be said that the writing of professional ethics in this period has followed an upward trend.
Machine summary:
Given this issue, the research method is descriptive-qualitative and comparative; based on the research findings, the number of professions considered by Hisba inspectors has had an increasing trend to some extent, but this increasing trend in ethical recommendations This article is extracted from a doctoral dissertation titled "Foundations and Historical Evolution of Professional Ethics in Islamic Civilization with Emphasis on Medical Ethics in the Abbasid Era.
However, one can find works that have implicitly addressed professional ethics in the mirror of Hisba texts, including Islamic Civilization in the Abbasid Era by Mohammad Kazem Makki, The Political History of Islam by Hassan Ibrahim Hassan, Islamic Civilization in the Fourth Century written by Adam Mez, a doctoral dissertation titled "Occupational Life in the Abbasid Era with an Emphasis on the Eastern Lands of the Caliphate until the End of the Buyid Dynasty" by Mohsen Biglar, the article "Professional Ethics of Industries in Shia Jurisprudence and Guild Texts" by Aghasharifian, "Occupations and Positions of Shiites in the Third to Sixth Centuries AH" by Parvandi et al.
Nevertheless, the commands of the Prophet of Islam regarding ethics, rulings, and the necessity of their social control in the form of commanding good and forbidding evil caused them to later become the foundation and basis for creating institutions and agents of social order, the most important of which was the institution of Hisba with its official, the Muhtasib.
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