Abstract:
As a fundamental element in the poetic system, deviation is the most effective form of defamiliarization and linguistic foregrounding. It disrupts the conventional structural rules of poem and thus generates a wide range of thematic, formal and linguistic variations within poetry. In Persian free verse which lacks meter and rhyme, poets have widely used deviation to foreground and enhance their poetic language. The current descriptive-analytical research, using a library method, examines deviation in the works of six free verse poets based on Geoffrey Leech’s formalist approach. The study highlights the impact of this approach on distinguishing the language and form of poem. The frequency of various types of deviation by these poets differs according to their ideational and literary experience. Poets like Shāmlū, Mūsavi Garmārūdi and Seyed Hasan Hosseini have used semantic, lexical, orthographic and literary deviations to create distinct and independent styles from their predecessors, but poets like Ātashi, Najdi and Shams Langrūdi have mainly paid attention to linguistic and literary deviations. The present research, identifying instances of deviations, examines the type and frequency of deviation in Persian free verse as well.
Machine summary:
Deviation in the Selected White Poetry of Ahmad Shamlou, Manouchehr Atashi, Seyed Ali Mousavigarmaroudi, Seyed Hassan Hosseini, Bijan Najdi, Shams Langroudi Ali Davoodi 1*/ Esmat Esmaeili 2/ Alimohammad Shah Sani 3 3 1: PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran (Corresponding Author) gmail.
Deviation is a fundamental component in the poetic system, being the most effective form of creating literariness and highlighting language, which disrupts the conventional rules of poetic structure and thereby creates a wide range of content, formal, and linguistic diversities in poetry.
Poets such as Shamlou, Mousavigarmaroudi, and Seyed Hassan Hosseini have used semantic, lexical, orthographic, and literary deviations to create a different and independent style from their predecessors; however, poets like Atashi, Najdi, and Shams Langroudi have mainly focused on two types of deviation: linguistic and literary.
"Deviation in the Selected White Poetry of Ahmad Shamlou, Manouchehr Atashi, Seyed Ali Mousavigarmaroudi, Seyed Hassan Hosseini, Bijan Najdi, Shams Langroudi".
Research Problem Deviation from the norm is one of the important subjects of modern literary criticism as an aesthetic approach, being one of the most effective methods for highlighting language and defamiliarization in poetry and prose; it has always been the attention of poets, and both modern and old poetry have been opportunities to demonstrate various types of deviation.
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