Abstract:
In the world of existence, we face multiplicity from one perspective; on the other hand, the belief is that the manifold universe will not issue directly from God, who is One in all respects. Sheikh Ishraq and Mulla Sadra, like other philosophers, have been engaged with this matter. After explaining and expanding upon the subject under discussion, we have reached these results: Sheikh Ishraq has addressed the discussion of the system of emanation, using the term 'luminous system,' and by utilizing the rule of 'the most noble possibility' (imkan-i ashraf), he has explained the emergence of multiplicity from unity and the levels of the world. Mulla Sadra, to establish the system of emanation, has utilized the rule of 'the most noble possibility' and the 'rule of the One,' explaining the emergence of multiplicity from unity. By employing the 'rule of the One,' he considers the first emanation to be the sign of the existence of the Necessary Existent, which is the expanded grace (fayd) that encompasses all levels of creation. In each level, it is accompanied by a specific determination called 'essence'; the First Intellect is its primary determination, and the souls, as well as the imaginal and material beings, are its subsequent determinations.
Machine summary:
After explaining and expanding upon the subject under discussion, we have been guided to these results: Sheikh Ishraq has addressed the discussion of the system of emanation, using the term "luminous system" and employing the rule of "the most noble possibility" (imkan-i ashraf) to explain the emergence of multiplicity from unity and the levels of the world.
2- Necessity and Objective of the Research The manner of the emergence of the world and how the multiplicity that exists in the world emanates from a single cause is one of the important and primary issues of all philosophical schools, especially those who believe in a principle beyond nature and matter, meaning those who believe in a single, absolute essence that is pure existence and abstract from any composition and multiplicity.
In explaining the theory of the emanation of multiplicity, Sohrevardi has utilized principles such as the primacy of light, gradation (tashkik) in the reality of light, as well as the rule of the One and the possibility of the most noble.
"Mulla Sadra, like Suhrawardi, uses the valuable Rule of the One to philosophically explain the issue of the emanation of multiplicity from unity.
The second principle that Sheikh al-Ishraq and Mulla Sadra have placed as a foundation for the philosophical explanation of the issue of emanation is the Rule of the Noblest Possibility.
(
, 
, 
)
