Abstract:
Sa'di is a product of the Ash'arite school and one can easily see the influence of Ash'arite theology in Sa'di's works. The effect of fate and predestination on destiny, the effect of essence on the actions of human beings, and the ineffectiveness of education on changing one's spirits and morals can be seen everywhere in Sa'di's poems. In addition to many of these themes, there is another common theme in Sa'di's lyric poems and love poems, with the concept that love is involuntary and irrational, and love cannot be tolerated or chosen. That is, the idea of determinism also dominates Sa'di's love poems, and the question arises as to whether this determinism arises from the same Ash'arite theology and upbringing, or merely a means to create a literary theme. A closer look at Sa'di's generalities of poetry leads us to the conclusion that the influence of Ash'ari's theology on Sa'di is not such that it has caught him in determinism; Sa'di is a free and intellectual human being and, despite his contemporaries, he does not believe in absolute determinism; As a result, the theme of human incontinence in the world of love is merely an artistic theme, and Sa'di has used it to express the power of love.
Machine summary:
In addition to many such themes, another common theme is seen in Saadi's ghazals and love poems with the concept that love is an involuntary and irrational matter, and one cannot endure it or resort to choice and planning; meaning, the thought of predestination also prevails in Saadi's love poetry, and the question arises whether this predestination stems from the same Ash'ari theology and upbringing, or is merely a vehicle for creating a literary theme.
By a closer examination of Saadi's general themes, we reach the conclusion that the influence of Ash'ari Kalam on Saadi is not such that it has trapped him in fatalism; Saadi is a free and enlightened human being and, unlike his contemporaries, does not believe in absolute predestination; consequently, the theme of human involuntariness in the realm of love is purely an artistic theme, and Saadi uses it to express the power of love.
In the body of the article, many examples are mentioned to expand on this point, but broadly speaking, it seems that the reader also encounters a type of predestination in Saadi's love poems, and it is not clear whether this predestination and compulsion arises from the poet's Ash'ari thought, or is merely a vehicle and vessel for expressing the influence of love.
(Ibid, Qasida 1) Unlike the explicit text of Ash'ari theologians who consider the servant's actions to be directly issued from God, Saadi believes in the influence of upbringing; while if in some instances he considers upbringing ineffective, he is actually repeating ancient Iranian views regarding social classes and positions, rather than absolute determinism.
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