Abstract:
This article addresses the social contexts of the formation of scientific materialism within the historical and cultural framework of Western countries. It begins with the definition of materialism and science, and then attempts to answer these questions: How is science produced? How does this understanding of science take shape? And how have secular sciences formed in the West? The importance of this study lies in addressing the issue that science is formed and grows within the context of a society's culture. These sciences are the result of the knowledge of the individuals in that society, and science is the systematic knowledge of the individuals of any society. Therefore, it must be examined how knowledge is obtained. In this article, the goal is to state the contexts of the formation of science in Western societies based on their culture.
Machine summary:
Scientific materialism, culture, secular science, West Persian Citation (APA style, 6th edition, 2010; APSA style) Shamsaie, Maryam; Zahed Zahedani, Saeed (1401).
Regarding the elements of culture that are not material, they are called spiritual culture: art, language, literature, philosophy, politics, thoughts and beliefs, the manner of thinking and reasoning, laws and sciences in this field are included [....
Specialized culture: The set of intelligibles that have reached a collective agreement: science and knowledge.
Therefore, here, the sensory dimension of culture can be called general culture, which is observable in society; the rational dimension is considered specialized culture, which scholars and scientists produce in society; and the heart-based dimension is the fundamental culture that forms the basic beliefs and convictions of the people of that society.
Perceived reality is those sensations that are seen, and unseen reality is that which is not accessible to human senses and cannot be perceived with outward senses; such as the Holy Essence of God. This means that although God cannot be observed with the outward eye, His existence can be proven through heart-based and rational deductions.
Based on this, in this cultural layer, our knowledge and understanding is that we must be servants of God, seek His pleasure, and seek proximity to Him. Therefore, in the second layer, meaning the layer of specialized culture, Islamic sciences consider all three realities.
5. How secular sciences were formed in the West Regarding the reason why the unseen reality was set aside in secular sciences, it must be said that: at the time of the mission of Jesus (peace be upon him) as a prophet, the prevailing culture was the Roman culture and civilization.
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