Abstract:
Spirituality and meaningfulness of life is an issue that has pitted two traditional religious thoughts and the modern secular world against each other. The basic question is, "Is spirituality achieved only through religion, or is it possible to live a meaningful life in a secular society?" Religious spirituality relies on the immaterial world and spiritual affairs and can include moral values, religion, sacred or occult matters, mysticism, etc. or any kind of spiritual and spiritual state in life. Secular meaningfulness is focused on the point that meaningful life is the result of rationality, which is achieved as a result of free, conscious, voluntary and purposeful human action, and its fruit should be the improvement of human's worldly life conditions. With this understanding, it becomes clear that there is a fundamental difference between the two categories of religiosity and spirituality, as if spirituality can be separated from religiosity. The difference between religiosity and spirituality is that if religiosity is not out of servitude, it is not religiosity; But if spirituality comes from servitude, it is not spirituality. What secularism claims to try to realize is purifying human thoughts from superstitions and deviations.
Machine summary:
Fundamental Occidentology, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies A semi-annual scientific journal (Scientific-Research Article), Vol. 13, No. 1, Spring and Summer 2022, 145 - 165 Meaningfulness of Life in a Secular Society Mehdi Abutalebi Yazdi * Ali Moradkhani **, Meysam Sefidkhosh *** Abstract Spirituality and the meaningfulness of life is a subject that has placed two thoughts, traditional religious and the modern secular world, against each other.
The fundamental question is: "Is spirituality achieved only through religiosity, or is a meaningful life possible in a secular society as well?" Religious spirituality relies on the non-material world and spiritual matters and can include moral values, religion, the sacred or the unseen, mysticism, etc.
The present research, while examining the historical course of this change in attitude, seeks to prove this main hypothesis: "Is spirituality achieved only through religiosity, or is a meaningful life possible in a secular society as well?" To this end, after explaining the concept of religion and secularism, the historical evolution from divine religion to human religion in the modern era will be examined, and finally, the roots of religious and secular views regarding "spirituality" and "meaningfulness of life" will be analyzed.
4. The historical transformation from divine religion to human religion in the modern era With the beginning of Christianity and its expansion in the Middle Ages, revelatory thought became the center of gravity for religious belief, and an unbreakable bond was established between the two concepts of "religion" and "worship" (monotheism); however, due to the inadequacies that existed in the Church, as the primary propagator of Christianity, which were incompatible with the conditions and needs of the new era, the idea of reviving Greek thought gained strength and the Renaissance movement was created.
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