Abstract:
One of the important questions about morality is why human beings can’t live morally on the basis of moral will alone. In other words, why is it difficult to live morally? This is where the barriers to morality come into play. Any Human being who wants to live morally will face obstacles that prevent him from following the moral path of living. The obstacles of living morally can be divided into two sociological and psychological types. The sociological obstacles are some external factors that influence a person’s moral decisions and prevent him from living morally, such as public opinions, the value-judgments of others, the approvals and disapprovals, and likes and dislikes of others. The psychological barriers, themselves, are divided into two epistemological and non-epistemological types. The epistemological-psychological obstacles are obstacles that prevent moral living in the human psyche and are, of course, related to epistemology. According to Imam Ali (A.S.), pride, dogmatism, fanaticism and bigotry are among the epistemological- psychological obstacles. The present study makes an attempt to prove this claim in a descriptive-analytical way and to show how, according to Imam Ali (A.S.), these epistemological-psychological obstacles prevent moral living.
Machine summary:
According to the sayings of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, wonder (amazement), dogmatism, rigidity, prejudice, and wishful thinking are among the cognitive-psychological obstacles to ethical living.
From what we have said so far, it can be clearly concluded that from the perspective of Imam Ali (as), ujb is an obstacle to moralization in the cognitive realm of man; meaning that the conceited person considers themselves, without recourse to reality in their possessions, to be a cut pearl separate from others; they only see themselves, are amazed by their own possessions, and take pride in them.
In the following, we examine other instances from the words of Imam Ali (as) in which ujb prevents a person, from a cognitive standpoint, from moralization.
" From what has been said, it appears that from the perspective of Imam Ali (as), the conceited person, because they consider themselves superior and exceptional to others, is psychologically self-selecting.
In the sayings of Imam Ali (as), sentences are found that show that wishful thinking is also one of the psychological and cognitive obstacles to moralization.
/ 24 Conclusion Considering the three moralistic temperaments that we described at the beginning of the article and based on the sayings of Imam Ali (as) regarding vanity, wishful thinking, dogmatism, and fanaticism, it can be said that these four matters are psychological, epistemological, and moralistic obstacles; because those who possess them do not benefit from the two moral temperaments of "self-governance" and "other-selection.
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