Abstract:
One of the goals, or perhaps the most important goal of Bertrand Russell’s prominent attempts in his philosophical and logical works was to establish a sort of Ideal or Perfect Language in order to be used to deal with the varieties of complexities, ambiguities, and paradoxes which in one way or another appear in natural languages. Such a project is built on the central notion, or better methodology, of Logical Analysis. Russell by using his logical analysis can distinguish between (genuine proper) names and definite descriptions, which further helps him to cope with three main problems: informativeness of identity claims, negative existentials, and non-existents, that is, those expressions which have no reference whatsoever. In this paper, I will introduce and explain Russell’s view in two parts: The Conceptual Aspect of his analysis, which involves the definition of logical analysis, and the Extensional Aspect, which brings in his famous Theory of Descriptions.
Machine summary:
Logic Research, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies Biannual Scientific Journal (Scientific-Popular Article), Year 11, Issue 2, Autumn and Winter 2020, 115-133 An Essay on the Method of Logical Analysis with Reliance on Russell's Theory of Descriptions Saeedeh Shahmir * Abstract Russell's goal is to establish an ideal language to resolve philosophical ambiguities and the difficulties of natural language.
Relying on logical analysis, Russell answers three fundamental questions regarding identity by drawing a distinction between name and description: the principle of the excluded middle or particular negative propositions, and propositions whose subject is non-existence, or in other words, refers to nothing.
According to Russell's view, names and descriptions play different roles from a logical standpoint; therefore, two propositions containing a name and a description are analyzed in two completely different ways.
In Russell's view, logical form represents existing facts in the world and shows the connection between the components of a proposition and the objects corresponding to them.
In Russell's view, denoting phrases do not have meaning independently; in fact, they are not real components of a proposition.
4. Conclusion We examined Russell's view regarding propositions containing "names" and "descriptive phrases," and the specific solution he employed against such sentences; a solution based on the use of logical tools.
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