Abstract:
The emergence of the Samanids in 287/900 followed the success of war in battle with the Saffarids, the Alawids of Tabarestan and some Turk’s tribes bordering the eastern of Khorasan and Transoxiana. However, the intensification of the arrogance of the armies from the fourth century disrupted the court affairs and governance of the Samanid government and made the ministers and the court obey the sword. The main question of this study is if the invasions of the Qarakhanids caused the collapse of the Samanids or the engendered stability of the Ghaznavid Turks? The findings of the study show that if we assume the fall of the Samanids as a blow from the commanders of Ale-Afrasiab, undoubtedly the bedrock of this collapse should be considered in the preparations of the Ghaznavid generals to eliminate the Iranian Samanids. The fall of Bukhara by the Qarakhanids was really influenced by the fall of Neishabour by the Ghaznavids. This problem of this study concerns the consolidation and strengthening of the Ghaznavids, not the Qarakhanids' invasions. It was the greed of the Ghaznavids that was aroused by the invasions of the Qarakhanids and provided the final excuse for the removal of the Samanids. Even the jurists of Transoxiana gradually confirmed the rule of the Ghaznavids. The Qatawan peace treaty clearly realized the real division of power between the Qarakhanids and the Ghaznavids on both sides of the Oxus. The research method is analytical-descriptive and documented to the main sources of the fourth and fifth centuries.
Machine summary:
Karakhanid Invasions of Bukhara and the Fall of the Samanid State * Javad Heravi 1 Abstract: The emergence of the Samanids in 900/287 AD followed military successes in battles against the Saffarids, the Alavids of Tabaristan, and several Turkic border tribes of eastern Khorasan and Transoxiana.
Keywords: Karakhanid invasion, Ghaznavid rebellion, fall of Bukhara, Peace of Qatwan, collapse of the Samanids * Assistant Professor, Department of History, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran.
In this research, an effort has been made to provide a documented description of the decline of the Al-Saman dynasty alongside an explanation of the events of the invasions from primary sources; and to address their causes and analysis with an emphasis on the role of the Karakhanid Turkic invaders.
Research such as the book "Karakhanids" written by Abolqasem Forozani, the book "The Rise and Fall of the Samanids" authored by the Tajik researcher Haq Nazar Nazarof, "The History of the Tajiks" written by Rahim Mesaf, and articles by researchers such as Abolhasan Mobin and Reza Moradzadeh, as well as Babajan Ghafouraf's article titled "Causes of the Rise and Fall of the Samanids," and the articles of Nu'man Nematov, are among the researches that exist in this field.
3- Analysis of the causes of the Karakhanid invasion of Bukhara and its temporary fall in 382/992 The emergence of widespread dissatisfaction on the part of military commanders took the reins of affairs out of the hands of the chancery officials, and the army gained control over all pillars of the Samanid state.
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