Abstract:
Phenomenology is a philosophical approach to review the quality of phenomena intuitively and spiritually. This approach has been existed in philosophical debates since ancient times, but first it was introduced as a scientific and noble manner by Edmund Husserl in Germany (1895-1938). In phenomenological approach reality of phenomena is stated without prejudgment and presumptions as authors’ first experience in a way that poet and author recognize phenomena and concepts by applying philosophical doubt and suspension of presumptions, by activating thoughtful “I” as they are appeared for him and his work is a kind of mental perception. In this study, Nafthado Almasdur written by Shahabaddin Mohammad ZobdariNasavi – novel masterpieces of technical prose of half of the 7th century- is analyzed based on phenomenology votes. Investigation of behavior and mental structure of “Nasavi” shows that there are components of phenomenological attitude in his thought such as thoughtful Ego plan, empiricism, emphasis on perceptions, personal experiences and feelings and commitment to critical thought. Therefore, in Nafthado Almasdur we face with literary text rather than history. It means that the author experiences phenomena with his own view facing with chaotic situation in the country and he describes his mental view in a different and creative definition from history.
Machine summary:
In the phenomenological approach, the reality of phenomena is described without pre-judgment and pre-suppositions, exactly as they exist in the author's primary experience; in this way, the poet or writer, by performing philosophical epoché and suspending pre-suppositions through the activation of the thinking "I," recognizes phenomena and concepts as they manifest to them, and their work is a qualitative mental perception of phenomena.
In this article, with a phenomenological gaze, an attempt has been made to examine Husserl's fundamental phenomenological concepts in Nafthat al-Masdur, which is "one of the mother books of Persian history and literature" (Safa, 1984: 1181/3); subject-wise, Nafthat al-Masdur is a historical book in which Nur al-Din Muhammad Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad al-Manshi al-Nasawi, the scribe and minister of Sultan Jalal al-Din Mankuburni Khwarazmshah (617-628), narrates the chaotic situation of Iran at the end of the Khwarazmshahi rule, but beyond the historical subject, the book is "a report of the author's pains and circumstances in the grip of the Tatar tragedy" (Zarrinkoub, 1996: 128), which can be examined from this perspective using a Husserlian phenomenological approach.
In Nafthat al-Masdur, before attempting to state the history of events, Nasawi has perceived the events through his own mentality, so that from a phenomenological perspective, it must be said that "Nasawi, in pursuit of his own self through the activation of the transcendental ego, the nullification of presuppositions and definitions, has engaged in the discovery and redefinition of phenomena based on sensory perception, experience, and intuitive cognition.
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