Abstract:
Since rhetorical sciences, especially Ilm al-Bayan, have been of interest to poets since the early centuries of the emergence of Persian poetry, each of its four objectives can be examined in the poems of various poets. The main discussion of this research is the examination of the topics of Ilm al-Bayan in the poems of ten of the most famous poets of the fourth century AH diwans. Bayan is a science through which a meaning and concept can be expressed in different ways. In this research, the poems of ten of the most famous poets of the fourth century AH diwans are examined; then, rhetorical figures including simile, metaphor, metonymy, and tropes present in their poems are extracted, and finally, a comparison is made between their rhetorical figures and the rhetorical figures present in the poems of Ferdowsi for each topic, so that through this way, the first sources of Persian poetry can be reached and the extent of these poets' inclination toward Ilm al-Bayan can be understood.
Machine summary:
In this research, the poems of ten of the most famous non-diwan poets of the fourth century AH are examined; then, rhetorical forms including simile (tashbih), metaphor (isti'ara), metonymy (kinaya), and tropes (majaz) present in their poems are extracted.
Keywords Fourth-century poetry » Non-diwan poets » Sources of Ilm al-Bayan » Ferdowsi Introduction The author of this research intends to examine Ilm al-Bayan in the poetry of non-diwan poets of the fourth century AH by accurately counting the frequency of simile (tashbih), metaphor (isti'ara), metonymy (kinaya), and tropes (majaz), so that firstly, the origin of some similes and metaphors can be found, and secondly, the general claim that fourth-century poets did not pay attention to metaphor or certain similes can be re-examined.
Since all evidence related to the rhetorical elements has been precisely counted, for the sake of brevity, only pure examples that demonstrate the genius of these poets in employing Ilm al-Bayan to add a special luster to their poems will be mentioned.
Here, the types of metonymy in the poetry of the aforementioned poets of the fourth century AH are examined, and in some of its important cases, pure and fresh examples to which the poets have shown favor are mentioned.
Here, the poems of the aforementioned poets are examined, and the finest and most original examples of metonymy are mentioned as samples.
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