Abstract:
The present study based on documentary research of sociolinguistic and sociology of language and gender relations shows that, there are differences in the language used by males and females in societies. Furthermore, the content and structure of languages regarding male and female interlocutors is not neutral. There is gendered orientation and gendered use of language between male and female language-users. These differences are related to the tone, style, and diction of language-users (both genders) as well as the structure, internal cohesion and natural characteristics of a language. The reasons for these differences are different depending on different time eras and societies. For example, in some societies these differences are related to taboo words or expressions for the females. Also, some differences are dependent on the domination of one country by the enemy forces and assimilation of the native language of the females of that country by the dominant ones’ language. Moreover, most of the time the differences are related to different social functions performed by each gender as well as the gendered expectations of the society. Also, some feministic linguists who have gendered orientations believe that the difference in language use between males and females are related to the male domination situation of that society. Manifestations of these differences were discussed in the present study. These manifestations include aspects like language representation in the social life of the society, i.e. language echoes the value system and functional aspects of a social system in dealing with males and females and strengthening and foregrounding these gendered differences. According to the relativity of language proposed by Sapir and Whorf, it may result in exploitation, explication, emphasis, strengthening and commonality of these differences and superiorities between males and females. The present study uses the theoretical framework of the relativity of language proposed by Sapir and Whorf, the theory of taboo, the theory of domination, the theory of the differences in functions, and the theory of the domination in explanation or definition. The research methodology is of qualitative type with interpretive-comparative approach using documentary data with reference to sociology of language and sociolinguistics. The population comprises different languages of the world.
Machine summary:
These effects include both the representational dimension of language in the sphere of social life—meaning that language, as a mirror, reflects the value, tendency, and functional structure of a social system in dealing with the two sexes, men and women—and the reinforcing dimension, meaning that the manifestation of said differences between men and women in language (according to the view of the Sapir-Whorf linguistic relativity school) leads to the further disclosure, clarification, emphasis, reinforcement, and normalization of these differences and superiorities between the two sexes.
Introduction and Problem Statement Just as the various languages of the world reflect the belief systems, thoughts, and material culture of their people, they also reflect, articulate, and even reinforce the differences in roles, relationships, and interactions between men and women in a society.
Thus, sociolinguistics is one of the fields that can provide important information and perspectives to the knowledge of the sociology of gender; so that one can both observe differences and discriminations in the mirror of language and, considering the dual role of language in representation and reinforcement, become aware of linguistic gender bias as a reinforcer of social differences between men and women in society.
Another important area of linguistic difference between the two genders relates to vocabulary, semantic load, and language structure, which reflects the difference in power between men and women in society, which we will address in the theoretical framework section.
3. What are the consequences of linguistic differences between men and women, or in other words, the gendered nature of languages?
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