Abstract:
In literary works، narratives and descriptions have always been interconnected in an indistinguishable way. In accordance with narratological studies during last decades، several theories have presented models of various functions of description in different literary works and ascribed a specific form of description to each of the literary genres. Among these genres، the importance of description in realism and naturalism، and its role in developing the events and characters، is irrefutable. This research، aims at applying the theories an literary description to several realist، and naturalist contemporary Persian stories. After studying the history and importance of description in novels، this research tries to explain its role in defining spatio-temporal framework، and the educational and generally aesthetic goals of several Persian short stories. In this regard، stories from Jamalzadeh، Hedayat، Alavi، Al-e-Ahmad، and Choubak have been selected، and different functions of description in these stories have been investigated. The results of the Research show that in the above mentioned authors’ works، description has not been a neutral element، and it doesn’t put a stop to the narrative process، but it helps the development of the story through different ways of camouflaging it. In addition to expressing the behavior and actions of characters، in the stories studied، description occasionally results in the preparation of spatio- temporal framework of the story، and sometimes it turns into a collection of encyclopedic insights and finds an educational Keywords:
Machine summary:
The following essay, with the aim of generalizing theories related to description to several contemporary Persian realist and naturalistic stories, seeks to explain its role in determining the spatial-temporal framework, the educational mission, and overall cognitive aesthetics of several Iranian short stories after studying the history and place of description in the novel.
In this direction, we selected stories by Jamalzadeh, Hedayat, Alavi, Ale Ahmad, and Chubak and examined the various functions of description within them: the results of this research show that in the works of the aforementioned authors, description is not only a neutral element and a stopping point in the narrative process, but through the techniques of concealing it within the narration, the possibility of advancing the story is also provided.
In fact, every story includes a part related to the narration of events and actions, and another part that deals with the description of characters, objects, and places.
As we can see, the use of words such as "winter" and "the mountains in front of Lorestan" helps create a realistic space-time for the story, and similarly, verbs such as "appeared" and "could be seen" establish visual description and incorporate his observations into the narrative.
Since in such descriptions, "the action of characters takes place in a specific time and space and most of them can represent a group of people," Al-e Ahmad's stories take on a realistic color (Basiri et al.
The use of words such as "heavy-lidded eyes," "picture," and "gaze," as well as verbs like "looked," justifies this type of descriptive function.
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