Abstract:
Simile is one of the fundamental bases of rhetoric which، as the core of most poetical fantasies، transforms the ordinary language into the language of art and literature. The second creator of meaning، Kalim-e-Kashani، is an eleventh century (AH) poet and one of the famous representatives of the Hindi style who has created fantastic and untouched images. In this descriptive-analytical study، the similes in the Kalim-e-Kashani’s poems were analyzed and studied in terms of elements، structure and form. The results reflect that mentioning compound similes، twofold points of comparison، untouched objects of comparison، as well as different forms of simile such as simile of allegory، veiled and subtrahend simile and finally high frequency of the extended similes، has altered it from being cliché and banal and caused variety in metaphorical images -that are far from complexity of meaning and excessive vagueness abundant in Hindi style- of Kalim’s poems and has given more depth to his poems.
Machine summary:
111) Among the researchers mentioned, Todorov holds a special importance in the study of stories; moreover, in addition to overcoming the shortcomings of Propp's method, unlike Greimas and Barthes, he has limited his work specifically to the narrative that he calls "mythic narrative," and by examining Decameron stories, he has described the characteristics and typology of this type of narrative.
That is, the action is important in itself and not for expressing a certain characteristic of this or that personality; in other words, in these types of narratives, the emphasis is on the predicate and not the subject.
31) Thus, by decomposing the components of a proposition into its smallest constituent elements, Todorov, considering the secondary categories of grammar, counts the narrative modes that indicate the different relationships of the story characters, and first, refers to the opposition between the informative mode and the desiderative mode and other aspects.
Furthermore, in Darabnameh, many romantic sub-stories are seen, where unlike the main character of the story, only Firumshah initially falls in love with Ayn al-Hayya (initially, only the daughter of a country's king falls in love with an Iranian hero and finally, through much toil for her liberation and enduring many sufferings and calamities, reaches union; for example, the love of Shafa al-Mulk, the daughter of the King of Taif, for Khurshid Shah; the love of Turandokht, the daughter of the King of Egypt, for Muzaffarshah; the love of Jahan Afroum, the daughter of the Caesar of Rome, for Firumshah; the love of Golbu, the daughter of the King of Damascus, for Bahman Marin Qaba, etc.
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