Abstract:
This paper tries to study the foundation of theology from scholastic philosopher and theologian، Duns Scotus. These foundations include of the definition and subject of theology، its kinds، the possibility of theology as a science، the relation between reason and revelation. By considering Ibn Sina’s effects on Scotus، It is، also، tried to comparatively review their points of views. Both thinkers believe that the subject of theology is God and related issues، and define theology based on this foundation. Concerning the possibility of theology as a science، while Scotus thinks that can’t be possible to consider it as theoretical science، Ibn Sina takes accurately into account theology in its particular sense as a theoretical science. Regarding relation between reason and revelation، Scotus، meanwhile confirming function of reason in theology، finally believes in superiority of revelation، Ibn sina، however، meantime accepting total credibility of revelation، believes in rationalism.
Machine summary:
Asfar/ Scientific and Specialized Journal of Philosophy of Religion, Theology, and Religious Studies Year 1/ Issue 1/ Spring and Summer 1394 The Foundations of Theology in the Thought of Duns Scotus with a Brief Look at the Views of Avicenna Mehdi Abbaszadeh Assistant Professor at the Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought Abstract Keywords 1.
Of course, there is a type of philosophical theology [rational or natural] that constitutes a part of metaphysics, and here he follows the view of Avicenna; because although God is not the primary subject of metaphysics in terms of being placed under the concept of existence, this science examines Him in the highest way that a science formed through a completely natural process can (Ilkhani, 1382: 478-477).
In this perception, he refers to two important books of Scotus, namely regarding the First Principle (De primo principio), which certainly belongs to Scotus, and the Theoremata, whose attribution to him is questionable, has in mind and thus presents a list of truths related to the realm of belief and faith from Scotus's perspective; however, he points out that in Scotus's thought "it is completely obvious that matters and beliefs of faith such as these can be proven in theology through rational and necessary proofs, but their proof is contingent upon first believing in them, because philosophical reasons alone are entirely incapable of proving them (ibid, 1378: 76).
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