Abstract:
Customs, values, ceremonies, and cultural beliefs shape the historical, cultural, religious background, and social identity of every society. Values and norms in each society are recognized as references for behavior, and based on this, examining ceremonies and rituals that are manifestations of religious beliefs is of great importance. Religious ceremonies and rituals cause a symbolic blending of spiritual temperaments and worldviews, and in this way, the main function of religion as a cultural system is carried out through collective and large-scale rituals. Shia culture is intertwined with the uprising and martyrdom of Imam Hussain and the mourning for him. In fact, mourning is a symbol of reviving the values for which the hero of this event sacrificed his life, his loved ones, and his loyal companions. The mourning of Imam Hussain plays an essential and important role in the culture of the people of this land; to the extent that it can perhaps be claimed that among all the rituals and ceremonies performed in different parts of the country, this religious ritual is more pervasive and profound. The diverse display of these rituals on national media introduces the society to various types of these ceremonies and helps enrich occasion-based programming.
Machine summary:
Memarian, Qom, 1377 / Naichi, Amol, 1377 / Qureshi, Sari, 1354 / Akhtari, Gorgan, 1346 (Refer to the page image) Zanjir (chain) is a collection of small interconnected rings that are attached to a wooden or metal handle and, during the days of Ashura, is struck against the back collectively in mourning groups along with the recitation of Noha.
(Salami, Semnan, 1385) Groups of ten to twenty people would collectively recite some of the elegies (Noheh) related to the event of Karbala and the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (AS), reminding the people of the arrival of the mourning days of Sayyid al-Shuhada and his loyal companions.
Minbar-based Rawda recitation was usually held after the book-reading ceremony, and clerics would guide the people from the minbar toward piety and the performance of religious duties, and finally, they would recount the tragedy in mourning for the martyrs of Karbala.
Noha is a type of religious elegy that is recited with a specific melody and tone in the mourning gatherings of Imam Hussain (AS), accompanied by chest-beating and chain-beating ceremonies.
It should not be left unsaid that since ancient times, in every neighborhood, there were endowments specifically for the mourning of Imam Hussain (AS), from whose income the expenses for building Hussainiyas, providing black clothing, and the lunch for the chest-beaters, chain-beaters, and mourners were covered.
On this day, mourning groups and processions gather in the courtyard of the shrine, engage in reciting elegies and chest-beating, and honor the journey of Imam Hussain (AS) from Mecca to Karbala.
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