Abstract:
Moulawi (604-672)، both a great mystic and great poet in Persian mystical literature، has left behind so glorious works that، being appreciated during and after his life، have always remained fresh، and a source of contemplation and subtle thoughts. Moulawi is poet and mystic، thus he understands pain and sufferings of human well، and of course offers the ways to get rid of them. Solitude، that is one crisis of contemporary human’s life، has been considerably reflected in his Mathnawi When a person thinks there is no one in the world loving him، caring about him، lightening the burden of his sufferings ، he is trapped in solitude. Moulawi doesn't believe in human’s solitude، while stressing their need to companions of either spiritual or physical types; the need that may brings with it pain. That’s why he tries to find the ways to treat the pain. The present article is an attempt to classify types of solitude in Mathnawi and analyze them، regarding concepts and terms like meaning، origin، reason، types of deliverance from pains and the ways of the deliverance and classifies and analyzes it.
Machine summary:
When we speak of loneliness, two meanings come to mind; loneliness that exists and, of course, is not compatible with human nature but rather its realization causes suffering and pain; and loneliness that is desirable and which a person must strive to achieve.
Of course, the greater the love and devotion of the seeker to God, the more difficult and profound the suffering of parting and, of course, the sweetness of its removal will be: ســخت مــي آيــد فــراق ايــن ممــر پــس فــراق آن مقــر دان ســخت تــر اي کـه صـبرت نيسـت از دنيـاي دون چونت صبرست ازخداي اي دوست چـون (Ibid: 4/ 3210 and 3212) Rumi calls separation from the beloved a bitter parting, but at the same time, he wants the Beloved to do whatever He wishes, yet he does not permit parting for the lover: مــي نهــم پــيش تــو شميشــر و کفــن مــي کشــم پــيش تــو گــردن را بــزن از فـــراق تلـــخ مـــي گـــويي ســـخن هرچه خواهي کـن ولـيکن ايـن مکـن (Ibid 4/1 - 2413) Thus, loneliness in Rumi's Masnavi is used in two senses: worldly and mystical, where the mystical sense, in the form of concepts such as khalwat, uzlat, and its unpleasant meaning under the two titles of hejran and feraq of the beloved, has been closely examined to the extent that it possesses a very high frequency and is associated with concepts such as union.
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