Abstract:
Representation and delimitation of constituencies in electoral geography are two of the most important arguments in the field of political geography that are in a close relationship with electoral delimitation methods and criteria by which electoral delimitations coincide with scientific constituencies. The complexities of natural and human geography of Golestan province that gathers different elements of natural geography (mountain، jungle، plat، plain، desert and sea) and human geography (different ethnic group – Persian، Turkmen، Sistani، Turk and Baluch – cities، boundaries of country divisions، communicational paths and political and administrative power centers) in a geographical limited environment، have made different problems for the researcher from an electoral geography perspective. In this paper، by the descriptive and analytic approach considering the rate of coincidence of conditions of constituencies of golestan province with standard criteria of electoral delimitation and cases of applying Gerry Mondering phenomenon in delimitation of constituencies of Golestan province، we are searching an answer for the following question: what is the relationship of population ratio of Turkmen ethnic group in Golestan province with their representation in Islamic Council parliament. Based on the results of this research، some cases were found which were in inconsistent with standard constituencies and Gerry Mondering phenomenon in the delimitation of constituencies of Golestan province that has a negative effect on the representation degree of Turkmen ethnic group. After Islamic revolution، Gerry Mondering phenomenon has not been in favor of Turkmen ethnic group but the process of the changing of constituencies of Golestan Province has been in line with coincidence with standard delimitation.
Machine summary:
This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, focuses on the degree of compliance of the electoral district conditions in Golestan province with standard electoral zoning criteria and the application of the gerrymandering phenomenon in the zoning of electoral districts, seeking to answer the following question: What is the relationship between the population ratio of the Turkmen ethnic group in Golestan province and their number of representatives in the Islamic Consultative Assembly?
(Refer to the page image) (Refer to the page image) The map of the electoral districts of Golestan province, according to the amendments from the year 1378 SH to date, along with the district centers and the main roads of Golestan province, is as follows; (Refer to the page image) 4-1-Alignment of electoral districts with standard zoning criteria The indicators and criteria according to which the electoral districts of Golestan province were examined in this research include the equal population index (the equal population index regarding electoral districts is examined according to the criterion existing in the country's election law, according to which one representative of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is assigned for every 150,000 people), the alignment of electoral district boundaries with national administrative division boundaries, ethnicity or interest groups, environment geographical, communication routes, and accessibility {P1P}.
In terms of physical and human geography, this electoral district is divided into two different parts in terms of geographical conditions; The southern parts, with mountainous and forested nature and fertile soils in the plains, include the counties of Kordkuy and Bandar Gaz and house the non-Turkmen population, while the northern half of the district, with flat lands and low vegetation density that becomes drier climatically towards the north, includes Bandar Torkaman county and houses the Turkmen ethnic group.
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