Abstract:
In the constitutional period، when Islamic tradition and modern civilization faced each other، due to their differences، clergymen and intellectuals who were the effective social forces of the time reacted differently to it. Intellectuals were of three types: against religion; pro-religion but with stress on instrumental use of it; and pro-religion believing in compatibility of Islam and modern civilization. Clergymen were of two types: conservatives، against modernity; and constitutionalists believing in compromise between Islam and democracy. This article، using the method of qualitative content analysis، and studying the poems of seven popular poets of this period، surveys their attitudes to religion. The research reveals three main current of thought among the poets: one places religion against modernity and believes that modernization demands total removal of religion from society. Other flow believes in eliminating most religious traditions، changing their function، and emphasizes just on faith dimension of religion. The third current accepts modernization on the ground of religious traditions، and supports the change and reform to some of them just through Ijtihad. This movement stresses the preservation of religion in society.
Machine summary:
Scientific-Research Quarterly "Persian Language and Literature Research" Sixteenth Issue, Spring 2019: 302-771 Date of Receipt: 2009/06/30 Date of Acceptance: 2009/11/08 Religious Attitude of Constitutional Era Poets Mohammad Gholamrezaei* Zohre Mallaki** Abstract In the Constitutional era, when Islamic culture and modern civilization confronted each other, due to the differences that existed between them, intellectuals and clerics, who were effective social forces, each expressed specific views regarding modernity and religion.
One group of scholars believed that due to the existence of many differences and contradictions between Islamic culture and the new Western culture, modernity should not enter Iranian religious society in its political and social aspects should not enter the religious society of Iran.
This article endeavors, by studying the works of popular poets involved in the revolution and modernism of the Constitutional era (namely Aref, Eshghi, Iraj Mirza, Dehkhoda, Bahar, Farrokhi Yazdi, and Nasim Shomal), to examine the religious views of these poets in more detail and answer the question above.
Conclusion The poets of the Constitutional era, who sought to lead Iran from conditions of backwardness to an advanced state within a society dependent on restrictive traditions and religion, are divided into three intellectual groups based on defined indicators regarding the confrontation between religious culture and Western culture and civilization: The first group places Islamic culture (tradition) in opposition to Western culture (modernity) and considers the establishment of modernity contingent upon the removal of tradition.
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