Abstract:
Nativism was a reaction of intellectuals who wanted their audience to pay attention to their authenticity and roots; therefore, many countries exposed to colonialism paid attention to this issue, and naturally, various intellectual currents in Iran did not remain indifferent to it. In examining the fictional trends before the revolution, we encounter the nativist movement, a trend that critics have usually ignored. In the stories of this movement, attention is paid to the criticism of foreigners and the government alongside foreigners, and to drawing people's attention to their own roots. In this article, while providing a brief نظر on the historical, social, cultural, and literary conditions of Iran from 1941 to 1978, the components present in the stories of this movement are enumerated. Xenophobia, attention to Iranian-Islamic identity, and the confrontation of these components with the subject of modernism are among the most significant components of nativist stories. Studies show that attention to the nativist movement in the 1940s and 1950s (Solar Hijri) was less than after the 1960s. The policies of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in these two decades and his way of dealing with intellectuals created conditions that ultimately led to the neglect of this movement in the 1940s and 1950s. The influence of intellectual currents, especially the thoughts of Al-Ahmad and Shariati, and the changing of the country from 1963 onwards, brought prosperity to this movement in the 1960s and 1970s.
Machine summary:
Therefore, unlike the 1320s when storytellers like Jamalzadeh focused on the Persian language, in this period, they address the critique of imported modernism and its disproportion to the vessel, paying attention to Iranian and Islamic beliefs in this way, and sometimes using the story can be interpreted.
In "The Secrets of the Treasure of the Jinn Valley," although the people are not the main subject of criticism, Golestan narrates their companionship with the village man, a man who is a symbol of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Those who are gullible to the words of this group have no end but failure and distress; therefore, xenophobia is the main subject of the story "The American Husband," and alongside it is the indirect reproach of people who, unknowingly, have made themselves captives of the desires of foreigners, even finding that their character, customs, and behavior become different, and they abandon their own identity.
Saedi, too, in his last story "Fear and Trembling," addresses foreigners who come to a village by the coast and, after causing moral changes in the people, disappear and leave.
After writing "Westoxification," "Noon and Al-Qalam," and "The Curse of the Earth," Al-Ahmad writes in line with the thoughts present in that book, and especially in "The Curse of the Earth," he criticizes the government's policies in traditions, as will be shown, the city and the village become a very prominent motif in ethnocentric stories, and it is natural that in order to show the opposition between these two, they address issues such as the invasion of city dwellers into the village, bringing machines to the village, the unemployment of villagers, migration to the city, unemployment in the city, falling into corruption in the city, etc.
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