Abstract:
Roads are considered the vital veins of rural communities in mountainous areas, where the safety of traffic throughout the year is of particular importance. The safer the communication roads are, the greater the possibility for rural area development. For this reason, paying attention to the level of vulnerability and determining the threatening factor or factors is considered a necessity. In mountainous areas, where roads usually pass through steep sections and high-risk areas, they are always exposed to various threats, especially the occurrence of various slope movements. In these areas, roads are mostly exposed to the threat of rockfalls, the production processes of which are active in most months of the year. The occurrence of such phenomena, given the nature and type of rocks, creates many problems for passing through such roads. The Qarnquchay basin, as the largest basin of the Sahand mountains, houses many villages due to the flow of high-water rivers in its green valleys. The connection of all these villages with each other and with surrounding large cities is carried out by roads that mainly pass through steep slopes. Considering the slope size, the type of slope materials, land use, etc., the type and amount of road vulnerability and the threatening factor vary, but most roads in the basin are exposed to the threat of rockfalls. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the level of vulnerability of the roads connecting the villages by rockfalls using ArcView software and to determine the sensitivity level of different zoning areas. The results of these investigations and the zoning map show that most roads, especially the roads connecting the villages in the heights of the studied basin, are exposed to the serious threat of rockfalls.
Machine summary:
In these areas, long-term snow accumulation, the expansion of village boundaries into existing watercourses on slope levels, and the presence of many other factors have caused the roads in the study area to be exposed to the threat of rockfalls for most of the year.
Lithological and climatic characteristics, as well as the way villages are situated on the slopes, are important predisposing factors for the occurrence of rockfalls and are among the main causes threatening rural roads.
Distribution of villages in the Qarnaghoo basin Research Method Mass movements alongside roads rarely occur due to the intervention of a single factor; rather, due to the involvement of various factors, slopes become susceptible to such phenomena.
In these slopes, the presence of sandstone and fine-grained conglomerate next to each other has caused, due to differential erosion, finer materials to separate from the rocks, leaving smaller fragments behind; these also separate from the rock surfaces through various processes and fall downwards as fine and coarse rocks in the form of rockfalls, accumulating on road surfaces.
Accumulation of rock fragments that have separated from andesites (near Golshan Abad village in the western part of the Qaranqoochai basin) Investigation of the density of falls around point and linear features such as roads, gullies, etc.
Disruption of the stability of slopes composed of volcanic ashes and igneous materials and the occurrence of rockfalls on its surface (a road in the southwest of the Qaranqu-Chay basin) B Figure 10.
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