Abstract:
In this article, in order to present theories related to migration, it first addresses the theoretical foundations regarding the phenomenon of migration and then defines the push and pull models, referring to the models of Rosenstein-Rodan and Oertschle in this regard. Subsequently, the views of Simp and Stauffer, Lavore and Rogers, Skotz and Chastad are presented; then, while providing definitions of migratory development patterns, the dual economy development pattern theory of Arthur Lewis is proposed, followed by the human capital investment model and the cost-benefit model of Chastad and Downs. The economic theory of migration by Miles Todar, the network model and behavioral model of Thomas and Janiszki, the systemic model of Mayo and Gunj, and finally the dependency model and relative deprivation theory of Stark and Reng are among the theories that are examined and scrutinized in this article.
Machine summary:
Then, while providing definitions of migratory development patterns, Arthur Lewis's dual economy development pattern theory is outlined, followed by the human capital model and the cost-benefit model of Chastad and Downs.
Also, in his view, the factors that enter into the decision to migrate and its process are: A) Factors related to the area of origin; B) Factors related to the area of destination; P) Deterrent obstacles; T) Personal factors; Diagram number 1 shows the effect of the first three factors in the migration process: (Refer to the page image) Intervening obstacles Diagram 1- Some of the factors affecting migration in Lee's theory As shown in Diagram 1, in each area, multiple factors are effective in attracting individuals to that area (positive signs) and other factors exist that cause the repulsion of individuals from that area (negative signs).
3. Dual Economy Model of Development Theory The first and most famous development model that considered the migration of rural labor to the city as an inseparable part of the economic development flow was modified and expanded by Arthur Lewis6 (1958).
According to this theory, it can be expected that elderly people have less inclination to migrate compared to young people, because firstly, the income difference between the origin and destination is not that large considering the remaining lifespan, and secondly, the non-material costs for these individuals are higher than for young people.
Following the expansion of this, Pryeer9, Byerlee01, Tammy11, and Fatoo21 provide frameworks for analyzing the decision to migrate within this model.
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