Abstract:
Although most countries that have chosen a form of democracy to exercise sovereignty utilize indirect or representative democracy, one cannot overlook the role of direct expression and the will of the people, which are referred to as direct democracy mechanisms in such regimes; methods such as referendum, popular initiative, recall, etc., in the Islamic Republic of Iran should also play a significant role according to the principles of the direct will of the people, but upon reviewing the Constitution of Iran, only the referendum (plebiscite) is visible, and even then, with its own specific conditions.
Machine summary:
Table of Contents Introduction Part One - Tools for Exercising Direct Democracy Section One - Referendum Section Two - Popular Initiative Section Three - Recall Part Two - Methods of Exercising Direct Democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran Section One - History of Referendum in Iran Section Two - Cases of Exercising Referendum A - Legislative Plebiscite B - Political Plebiscite C - Constitutional Plebiscite 1 - Determining the Necessity of Revision 2 - People's Approval 3 - Non-compliance with Article 59 regarding the referendum on constitutional revision Section Three - Supervision of the Guardian Council over the Referendum Process Section Four - Signing the Referendum Section Five - Prohibition of Conducting a Referendum Conclusion Introduction: Since the second half of the twentieth century, we have witnessed a significant increase in the inclination towards democracy in the countries of the world, especially since at that time most rivals of democracy such as fascism, Nazism, and communism disappeared, and democracy is considered in the minds of the general public of the world as the superior method of exercising sovereignty.
In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Constitution stipulates in Article 59: "In very important economic, political, social, and cultural matters, the exercise of legislative power may take place through a referendum and direct recourse to the votes of the people.
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