Abstract:
At the Earth's surface, in the latitudes of 15–45 degrees North, subtropical high-pressure air prevents cloud formation and precipitation, leading to arid and desert climates. Iran is located at 15–45 degrees North latitude, right in the center of this high-pressure air or desert belt. Therefore, it should have been entirely characterized by dry, desert, low-precipitation, and water-scarce climates. However, during the Earth's evolutionary period, two natural phenomena have caused Iran to possess various types of climates with different geographical regions and diverse biological environments. These two phenomena are: A - The drying up of seas, leaving only two seas in the north and south of the country. B - The folding and mountainous formation of Iran, creating mountain ranges with very suitable and favorable altitudes and directions, such as the Alborz and Zagros mountain ranges, the Central Mountains, etc. Mountains have neutralized the high-pressure effect and provided the possibility of air cooling and precipitation, especially snow, which has provided water resources for mountainous areas through surface and groundwater flow, as well as for downstream plains. Additionally, the Alborz mountains, combined with the North Sea (Caspian), have created a temperate, humid, and rainy region with very favorable conditions for life, particularly employment in agriculture and production of temperate-humid products, as well as activities in fisheries and forestry. The southern sea (Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman), combined with its northern highlands at this latitude, has created a hot and humid climate, very favorable for agriculture, especially in the Chabahar region, where various tropical products are grown. The Zagros mountains in the west of the country, utilizing moisture entering from the west, have caused the creation of oases (spring-lands) and the flow of numerous rivers, green valleys covered with rich pastures and oak forests; the development of industries in recent decades in these areas has brought a transformation to the lives of the people. Subtropical high-pressure air and hot, dry winds (Alizeh) in the central and southern parts of the country have caused the creation of internal dry plains and desert and wasteland areas with low precipitation and often saline water resources; consequently, living conditions in these areas have become harsh and difficult. In the past, when people's lives were mostly based on agriculture and animal husbandry, the desert (salt flat) in any region where it existed was considered an ominous, cursed land and a factor of unfavorable living conditions and an obstacle to the economic and social development of that region. However, due to the development of science and technology, today vegetated deserts are considered renewable natural resources, and non-vegetated deserts are considered renewable natural resources (inexhaustible if utilized correctly), such that the proper exploitation of them, especially the various types of minerals in different deserts, will play an important role in improving the living conditions and the economic, social, and cultural development of the people of this region and even the country. Accordingly, today deserts (salt flats) and also saline rivers are considered great God-given blessings and massive, inexhaustible sources of wealth and job creation. Furthermore, with their beautiful landscapes, they are considered important sources of tourist and economic attractions.
Machine summary:
The subtropical high-pressure air and hot, dry winds (Alizeh) in the central and southern parts of the country have caused the creation of dry inland plains and desert and wasteland areas with low precipitation and often saline water resources; consequently, living conditions in these regions have become harsh and difficult.
Mangrove Natural conditions of life and the economic, social, and cultural activities of the people in the humid regions of the north of the country The provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan are located at a latitude lower than 45 degrees North, which means they should have been under the influence of adjacent subtropical high-pressure air, becoming arid and desert regions with low rainfall and being poor in terms of water, vegetation, and human population, where the life and economic, social, and cultural activities of the people would have been based on the lifestyle of desert dwellers; however, the persistence of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Sea) and the emergence of the Alborz, Talesh, and other mountains caused an exceptional, temperate, humid, and rainy region to appear at this latitude in terms of climate; just as temperate humid climates exist in many parts of the world (such as Central Europe); but many important and major agricultural products that are cultivated in the humid regions of our country's north are not cultivated there and are also unfamiliar and unknown to the farmers there, such as melon in western Gilan, rice, tea, and kiwi in Gilan and Mazandaran, cotton in eastern Mazandaran and throughout Golestan province, and many other products.
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