Abstract:
'Methodology' is the most fundamental category of research, which has become one of the main characteristics of modern science today. Based on this, for a logical, correct understanding and better recognition of political developments, we need a methodological approach. Modern methodology has undergone an evolutionary process from past eras to the present. Certainly, improvement, transformation, and exiting from crisis in methodology depend on achieving such understanding and comprehension. Thinkers believe that great human progress in various sciences is due to the use of appropriate methods with an epistemological perspective, and political science, and especially political sociology studies, are no exception to this. At each point in time, it is necessary to seek the methodology of that era. In other words, the correct understanding of various levels and transformations of modern political sociology is based on new methodologies with an epistemological perspective. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and the data collection tool is the library method. The aim of this writing is to examine methodological transformations with an emphasis on epistemological paradigms in political sociology studies due to its correct recognition at various levels.
Machine summary:
According to this statement, the process and stages "Scientific method" consists of: posing and stating the subject or question under consideration, reviewing and evaluating existing information, determining the population under study, determining the method of data collection and conducting the research, extraction and tabulation and statistical calculations, and finally, analysis, decomposition, and interpretation of results (Alitabar Firouzjayi, 2016).
Undoubtedly, the role and position of methodology as a connecting factor between the two elements of epistemology and ontology, and as a branch of the philosophy of science that deals with the critical analysis of the specific way of applying the general structure of theory in various domains of human knowledge, is significant (Soroush, 1993, p.
The methodology of all sciences, both natural and social, was the same for positivists, and the condition for scientific research was the verification of the researcher's propositions (or claims related to knowledge) through observation and precise measurement of categories (Seyyed Emami, 2007, p.
As a result, in this period under the influence of the postmodern epistemological paradigm, we witness the formation of a new type of sociology called "historical sociology" with an anthropocentric approach and post-structuralist logic; a sociology that considers social phenomena as intentional phenomena that must be understood according to their meanings.
Since it has a close connection with ontology and epistemology, the schools of cognition can be divided into four periods, according to which methodology in each period is different from the previous one: ـ In the pre-modern era, "science" in its current sense was not مطرح (presented) and meant all human knowledge, and it was also called "wisdom.
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