Abstract:
The nationalization of the oil industry in Iran and the subsequent coup of August 19 have been studied by researchers from many angles regarding the political behavior of the countries involved in this issue. However, research based on American documents and press, as the main actor in this period of Iranian history, has not been conducted in a well-reasoned manner. This research, using the historical analysis method and relying on US State Department documents and the New York Times newspaper, seeks to provide a clear picture of the position of American politicians, their reading and interpretation of the oil nationalization period, and the reasons for Dr. Mossadegh's failure from the perspective of these documents. In fact, the main issue in the present research is what principles the attitude of American statesmen and society toward the nationalization of the oil industry and the rise of Dr. Mossadegh was based on according to existing documents, and in which historical and behavioral process the failure of Dr. Mossadegh was rooted.
Machine summary:
With the increase in economic pressure and the problems Iran faced regarding receiving loans from America, Mosaddeq also acted upon his threat on September 26, 1951 (4 Mehr 1330), to dismiss British Oil Company employees who refused to work for the National Iranian Oil Company, which led to Britain's complaint to the United Nations Security Council.
With the non-provision of financial aid by America, Britain's declaration of readiness to employ military force, the worsening of Iran's economic situation, the non-payment of the loan under British pressure, the failure of plans, and most importantly, the US government's admission of the Shah's inability to dismiss Mosaddeq from the premiership, American policy definitely entered a phase of cooperation with Britain; because they assessed the continuation of these conditions and Mosaddeq's insistence on obtaining all privileges as being in line with the dominance of communism in Iran.
With the gradual shift in American policy towards Iran, Britain, in order to accelerate this process and to involve America more in this issue, presented a plan in October 1951 (Mehr 1330) based on which "the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company entered into negotiations with the US Department of State regarding the formation of an international sales organization under neutral management, in which Iranian, British, American, and French capitals would participate, and in this way, practically accepted the participation of Americans in Iranian oil" (Zoghi, 1380: 106).
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