Abstract:
The theory of justice is one of the most challenging topics in moral philosophy. These challenges have emerged and manifested not only in the modern world but even in antiquity. This article is a description of theories of justice from the beginning of the semi-philosophical era in the time of Homer to the time of Plato from the perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre. Most traditional Greeks, such as the ancient Greeks, consider the structure of their societies to be a representation of cosmic order and justice; the inhabitants of Athens, with this understanding of themselves and their daily life structure, perceived and described themselves approximately through the expressions found in the poems of Homer. Among them, the connection between the two concepts of virtue and justice caused problems in explaining practical reason, which Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle later encountered. In the philosophical history of Athens after the Homeric period, four different and incompatible theories regarding the theory of justice and also practical reason can be found: first, in the behavior of Pericles, the leader of democracy; second, in the works of Sophocles; third, in the works of Thucydides; and fourth, in the works of Plato. This article aims to examine the theory of justice first from the perspective of Homer and then from these four perspectives.
Machine summary:
Most traditional Greeks, such as those of the ancient era, considered the structure of their societies to be a representation of universal order and justice; the people of Athens, with this understanding of themselves and their daily life structure, perceived and described themselves to some extent through the expressions found in the poems of Homer.
In the philosophical history of Athens after the Homeric period, four different and incompatible theories regarding the theory of justice and also practical reason can be found: first, in the behavior of Pericles, the pro-democracy leader; second, in the works of Sophocles; third, in the works of Thucydides; and fourth, in the works of Plato.
122, 1984) The assumption of the word equivalent to justice, namely dike, in the language of Homer and also in the language of the heroes of his stories, is that the world has a single fundamental order that shapes the structure of both nature and society, in ِ such a way that the distinction and opposition between natural matters and social matters, which we believe in now, was not conceived at that time.
) In the philosophical history of Athens, after the Homeric period, four different and incompatible theories regarding the development and growth of the theory of justice and also practical reason can be found; first in the behavior of Pericles, the pro-democracy leader; second in the works of Sophocles; third in the works of Thucydides; and fourth in the works of Plato.
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