Abstract:
Ibn Taymiyyah, whose views and works are the main backbone of Wahhabism, has claimed in a proposition that the first two caliphs held command positions in numerous expeditions, and that Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (peace be upon him) never undertook such a role except in one instance. However, an analysis of Sunni sources shows that all expeditions attributed to Abu Bakr use different names for only a single expedition; furthermore, his command in this expedition is also subject to doubt and denial by researchers. Additionally, the only expedition of Umar also contains contradictions and is accompanied by various questions that have remained unanswered so far. Sunni sources have not attributed any expedition to Uthman, while these same sources have recorded the command of numerous expeditions for Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (peace be upon him). Therefore, Ibn Taymiyyah's claim is in clear conflict with Sunni sources and has no historical support. A report analyzing Sunni sources to assess Ibn Taymiyyah's claim is presented in this writing.
Machine summary:
Three-The Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani considered the command of this expedition to be shared between Khalid bin Walid and Abu Bakr and writes about it: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) sent the Muslims to carry out an expedition towards the region of Dumat al-Jandal.
36 In addition to the above points, it must be stated—as far as the author has searched—that in all ancient historical and even non-historical sources, such as: Maghazi al-Waqidi, al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Tarikh Khalifah bin Khayyat, al-Muhabbar, Sunan Abi Dawud, Ansab al-Ashraf, Futuh al-Buldan, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, al-Tanbih wa al-Ashraf, Tarikh al-Tabari, Jamharat Ansab al-Arab, Dala'il al-Nubuwwah, al-Sunan al-Kubra, Mu'jam ma Ista'jam min Asma' al-Bilad wa al-Mawadi', al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, Mu'jam al-Buldan, al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Usd al-Ghaya al-Majmu', al-Bad' wa al-Tarikh, Tarikh al-Islam, Uyun al-Athar, al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, Hayat al-Hayawan al-Kubra, Imta' al-Asma' and dozens of other sources, Khalid bin Walid has been identified as the commander of this expedition, and no mention or trace of Abu Bakr is seen.
69 The news of this expedition has also been recorded, sometimes in detail and sometimes briefly, by Sunni authors whose names will follow, all of whom lived before or were contemporaries of Ibn Taymiyyah, namely: al-Kalbi79, Ibn Hisham89, al-Waqidi99, Ibn Sa'd001, al-Baladhuri101, Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari201, Ibn al-Jawzi301, Ibn al-Athir401, Ibn Sayyid al-Nas501, and al-Dhahabi601.
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