Abstracts - مجله تحقیقات کلامی مقاله

چکیده:

The Satan's enmity towards humans was from the beginning of human creation. But why such an evil being which is an obstacle again spirituality and happiness, is created and benefits is existent in its creation. This writing which is of analytic-descriptive way and based on library document study, examines the relative wisdom of Satan's existence in relation to God, the Created world, humans and the independent wisdom of its existence. The creation of Satin in relation to God reveals some divine attributes of beauty and glory and reveals God's power in creating opposing creations. The existence of Satan also flourishes the various talents of human being. The theological sects of Shi'a and Mu'tazilah are opposing in various issues. Sharif al-Murtaza was the top-ranking scholar of the Imami theologians in the fourth.eleventh and fifth.twelfth centuries and unrightfully accused of being a Mu'tazelite. He criticized the Mu'tazelites in a controversial issue and, opposing them, maintains in the superiority of the prophets over the angels. By criticizing the demonstration of the Mu'tazelite claim in the superiority of the angels over the prophets, although he accepts the Shi'i position, he also criticizes the Shi'i rational and narrative demonstratives and regards the Imami consensus as the basis for the acceptance of Shi'i position. Generally seen, it seems that the point of view of Sharif al-Murtaza about the issue of superiority is acceptable, because the above-mentioned demonstrations are disputable and one can take a decisive position on their base. The word bada' is common between man and God. The accurate understanding of bada' in God is based on narration, reason and conscience, and because of the complicatedness of its understanding, it had been the object of challenges and misgivings by its opponents. In the Islamic world, the most opponents of bada' have arose from amongst the Sunnis especially the Salafi Wahhabiyyah. Despite the Shi'a scholars scholarly and reasonably responded to their misgivings for a long time, some misgivings in this regard are offered again in their writings. One of the misgivings which in the recent years has been brought up is that bada' is a non-Islamic (Jewish) phenomenon and has no root in the Qur'an. The present article explains this issue with a Shi'i approach and tries to prove and explain the origin of bada' in the Qur'anBehbahani on determinism and free will in a descriptive-analytic way on the basis of his only treatise in this regard. Wahid Behbahani in the treatise of Determinism and Free Will wants to prove and analyze free will and to refuse determinism. He regards the causal necessity as the most important obstacle on the way of proving the free will. He accepts the necessity in the meaning of necessary order for occurrence of act on the basis of evidences, and considers it as compatible with free will, but don't accept the necessity of occurrence of an act in the meaning impossibility of its non-occurrence. According to him, although there must be a preferer (murajjeh) in order to be carried out the act, but this preferer don't damage the ability of man to leave the act. He maintains that an act needs to both doer (fa'el) and preferer (murajjeh), and the preferer don't determine the doer to do the act. Wahid Behbahani tackled to the probable problems of his theory in detail and responded to them. The Imam's authoritative place in the commandments legislation is one of the most controversial issues that had been always discussed by the scholars. Many Imami thinkers accepted this place for the Prophet, but refused to accept it for the Imam. Nevertheless, according to the denotation of some Hadiths, it seems that the purified Imams also have the authority in the Sharia commandments and, everywhere needed, can include some commandment in religion. These demonstrations consisted in: the tafwidh (cession) hadiths, the demonstrations show the affinity of the Imams with the Prophet in all the positions and the demonstrations show the occurrence of the place by the imam. With the presupposition of the Prophet's authority in the commandments legislation, the current writing tries to examine the demonstrations prove this place for the infallible Imams.What offends the today human is the sense of futility and meaninglessness of life. Because the belief in God and His perfect attributes may have a great roll in the meaningfulness of life, this writing examines the roll of this thought in meaning-giving to life of a Unitarian human being. One, who believes in the wise God, believed in purposeful creation and meanwhile will be released of futility. With belief in Divine justice, regards the rules of the being universe as just, and the spirit of hope will be current in him. With belief in God as being Knowing, will find the components of the cosmos arising of knowledge and meaningful. By belief in God's Power, his inner passion will be connected to a metaphysical power. With the belief in the comprehensive Divine Mercy, he would have a hopeful and meaningful life, and… the deep hearted theoretic belief as well as accompanying to the commandments of such a God can make the life meaningful.