چکیده:
Human emotions are in connection with his deeds on the one hand and his perceptions on the other, and this complicates the analysis of emotion. Furthermore, any school of thought in search of presenting a comprehensive perspective on the human should clarify its stance with regard to emotion and the position it has in the structure of human cognition and deeds. This fact places the answer to the following questions in the field of philosophical anthropology: Does perception have a role in the development of emotions? Are emotions voluntary or involuntary like hunger and thirst? Is human soul passive in the creation of emotions, or does it play an active role? Is it possible to judge the reasonableness or unreasonableness of an emotion as a state that is mainly considered in contrast with rationality? Do all individuals experience similar affective states in similar conditions? In other words, are emotions typical or individual? In this paper, we try to answer these questions from the perspective of the forerunner of Transcendental Philosophy, Mulla Sadra Shirazi.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Although emotion, as one state of the soul which has a relation to perception and action, has not been taken into consideration separately by Mulla Sadra, he has addressed it in his discussion of practical reason and the faculty of acting.
The fact that Mulla Sadra has not discussed the issue of emotion separately but included it among his discussion of the states belonging to the practical aspect of the soul, such as pleasure, pain, love, and hate, adds to the difficulties of the analysis.
See Lyons (1980), Gordon (1987), and De souse (1987).
Thus, Mulla Sadra considers fear, envy, and so forth relevant to the desire and wrath faculties, so it seems that his view could be explained as follows: The human soul perceives the outside world through its perceptive faculty, but in order for these perceptions to lead to actions, it is necessary that some faculties exist in the human to direct his desire to the perceived objects.
If there were no perceptions of pleasure or pain, no perceptions would result in action, because ―will as one of the levels of the acting faculty completes usefulness of reason, and perception alone without desire for that issues would not lead to intending them‖ (Mulla Sadra 1354 Sh, 214).
Until this stage, the human soul perceives different emotional states based on presenting the perception of the theoretical reason to the different grades of causation faculty through practical reason, and experiences pleasure or pain.