چکیده:
One of the essential problems of urban planning and management in Iran is
the failure of implementation and execution of urban development plans. The
studies show that lack or poor level of citizen participation is one of the
influential reasons to that. So, it is evident that there is a need for “bottomup”
and “community based” sustainable solutions for urban problems. Asset-
Based Community Development (ABCD), as an alternative to the commonly
need-based approach, is based on identifying and mobilizing assets and
capacities (although not being very much) in communities and emphasizes on
participation in order to accelerate development. This paper would review the
application of ABCD approach and evaluation its efficiency in a residential
deteriorated neighborhood of Tehran (Emamzadeh Hassan Mohalla), with
specific spatial characteristics and religious background, which is now
housing the low class of blue collar workers and losing its population due to
deterioration of social condition and physical quality. The results, based on
survey, random sampling and statistical analysis, show that social and
physical capitals (as the main community assets) have increasing effect on
organized participation tendency (as the main goal of ABCD). Subsequent
analysis showed that social capital is a direct factor to increase organized
participation tendency and consequently neighborhood development, and
physical capital, as an indirect factor, serves to increase social capital.
Therefore by applying this approach for development, people-based strategies
(to enhance participation) and place-based strategies (to enhance social
capital), should simultaneously be considered.
یکی از مشکلات برنامهریزی و مدیریت شهری در ایران. عدم موفقیت بسیاری از برنامههای توسعه در
مرحله اجرا به دلیل عدم مشارکت یا مشارکت محدود ساکنان در مراحل مختلف از تهیه تا اجرای این
برنامهها میباشد. این امر بر ضرورت به کارگیری رویکرد ''از بالا به پایین' و ''مبتنی بر اجتماعات
در جهت اتخاذ راه حلهای پایدار برای حل مشکلات شهری تاکید دارد. در این راستاء رویکرد
توسعه دارایی مبنا به عنوان جایگزینی برای رویکرد نیاز مبنا مطرح شد که بر پایه تجھیز ظرفیت۔
های محلی و مشارکت ساکنان قرار دارد. در این مقاله کارایی این رویکرد در محله امامزاده حسن شهر
تهران به عنوان یک محله نابسامان با مشکلات اجتماعی و عملکردی و کیفیت پایین کالبد ولی واجد
ویژگیهای خاص اجتماعی و زمینههای مذهبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج این تحقیق که بر
اساس نمونه گیری تصادفی و تحلیلهای آماری انجام شده نشان میدهد که سرمایه
اجتماعی و فیزیکی (به عئوان مهمترین داراییها در سطح محلی) بر تمایل به مشارکت سازمان یافته (به
عنوان هدف اصلی رویکرد دارایی مبنا) تاثیر افزاینده دارد. همچنین سرمایه اجتماعی عامل مستقیمی در
افزایش تمایل به مشارکت سازمان یافته و در نتیجه توسعه محله بوده و سرمایه کالبدی به واسطه آن بر
تمایل به مشارکت سازمان یافته تاثیر دارد. این نتایج نشان داد که در جهت توسعه محله با استفاده از
رویکرد دارایی مبناء سیاستهای مردم مبنا (در جهت ارتقای مشارکت سازمان یافته) و مکان مبنا (در
جهت ارتقای سرمایه اجتماعی) باید به صورت همزمان به کار گرفته شوند.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Efficiency of Asset-Based Community Development Approach in Revitalization of Deteriorated Neighborhoods (The Case of Tehran, Emamzadeh Hassan Mohalla1) Mojtaba Rafieian 2, Fatemeh Mohammadi Aydoghmish3 Received:2015/4/28 Accepted: 2016/2/1 Abstract One of the essential problems of urban planning and management in Iran is the failure of implementation and execution of urban development plans.
The results, based on survey, random sampling and statistical analysis, show that social and physical capitals (as the main community assets) have increasing effect on organized participation tendency (as the main goal of ABCD).
Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD); Social Capital; Physical Capital; Organized Participation Tendency; Sustainable Development 1 In this paper the word "Mohalla" is considered as Persian equivalent of "Neighborhood" due to more cultural and physical meaning.
Due to sustainable development and new urbanism approaches, making use of potentials and capacities of local communities and new concepts such as identity, sense of place, belonging, responsibility and participation of citizens in order to revive social meanings in the physical body of cities, have been discussed during recent decades.
In fact local institutions as The main hypothesis was that social and physical capital, as the main local assets, are affecting organized participation tendency rate (as the main goal in the ABCD approach) in urban renewal and renovation plans.
Analysis of research hypothesis (رجوع شود به تصویر صفحه) To investigate the appropriate strategies and model organized participation tendency (as dependent variable) by social and physical capitals (as independent variables), these factors were analyzed through a regression model (sig=0; adjusted R2=0."