چکیده:
Time and perception are two major concerns of Woolf in many of her novels and
short stories. Woolf as a modernist writer often tries in her fiction to find an
epistemological solution to the problems of mortality and immortality, appearance
and reality and diversity and unity and she succeeds, I think, by taking on a kind of
perception that is intuitive and temporal. For her, true perception is time-bound, but
like Bergson she divides time into mechanical and organic one. In her writing, she
often associates symbolically the former with death and aridity and the latter with life
and fertility, presenting them in the images, to name but a few of keyboard of a piano
or alphabetical letters and tree or green shawl and dress, respectively. Evidently, in
her views and the solution, she finds to the problems of time and perception Woolf is
influenced by Bergson whose theory of time has also influenced so many other
modernists. This paper elaborates on the relationship between time and perception in
the works of Woolf, especially in her two major novels To the Lighthouse (1927) and
Mrs Dalloway (1924) and her short story “An Unwritten Novel” (1921).
زمان و ادراک دو مسأله مهم ویرجنیا ولف در بسیاری از داستان های بلند و کوتاه او هستند. ولف به عنوان یک نویسندۀ مدرنیست، هماره تلاش می کند در نوشته هـایـش تا راه حلی برای مرگ و جاودانگی، ظاهر و واقعیت و کثرت و وحدت پـیـدا کـنـد. به نظر نویسندۀ ایـن این مقاله، او با برگزیدن شیوۀ ادراک شهودی و زمانمند در این کار موفق می شود. از دیدگاه او ادراک درست زمانمند است، اما او مانند برگسون زمان را به زمان بیرونی یا مکانیکی و زمان پویا یا درونی تقسیم می کند، و اولی را با مرگ و دومی را با زندگی قرین می داند و آن ها را با صور نمادینی مانند حروف الفبا یا میز چوبی و درخت یا شال و لباس سبز به ترتیب نشان می دهد. بدون شک ولف در دیدگاه ها و راه حل هایی که برای مسألۀ زمان و ادراک ارائه می دهد از برگسون تأثیر پذیرفته است، فیلسوفی که در نظریاتش درباره زمان و ادراک بسیاری از دیگر نویسندگان مدرنیست را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. نویسندۀ این مقاله تلاش می کند تا ارتباط میان زمان و ادراک را در آثار ولف و خصوصأ در دو داستان بلند و مهم او، به سوی فانوس دریایی و خانم دالاوی مورد بررسی قرار دهد.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"One of the philosophers who in his theories about time and self has influenced modern thinking and writing is Henri Bergson; he most categorically opposed the materialist philosophy of his time, and, as Solomon (1988) argues, "Like the later German idealists he had some sympathy with mysticism, and with the romantics, he distrusted rational thought and preferred to rely on intuition" (107).
Woolf’s Conception of Temporality and Perception Murray Roston (2000) holds that Bergson had suggested that "such a conception of inner time might form the basis for a new type of fiction, more true to human experience than traditional modes" (184).
The apparent immobility of inner time is also appropriately compared in Woolf’s short story "Kew Gardens" to a snail in its movement or lack of movement, and in To the Lighthouse the whole action of the major part of the novel takes place in the space of one afternoon and evening, a phenomenon that makes Mrs Ramsay reflect, "there is a coherence in things, a stability; something, she meant, is immune from change, and shines out...
For Woolf time is life, both one and continuous—"Only she thought of life—and a little strip of time presented itself to her eyes" (To the Lighthouse 81)—and for her protagonists both inner and external sides of reality, life of the soul and the sense, are important, and it is Woolf’s contention, as is shown in her novels and short stories, that any reductionism would lead to a false perception and mortality."