چکیده:
Providing an exact explication of rationality in a way that would lead to the explication of the scope of rational discourse is among the most fundamental problems of philosophers. In the current essay the author struggles to reach a comprehensive definition of rationality via an exact description and analysis of ideas of Mulla Sadra (1571-1641) as the most significant philosophical figure in the Islamic world according to which one can present all human achievements in the domain of knowledge and science as manifestations of this rationality. Rationality in Sadra’s intellectual system represents a comprehensive term with an analogically graded meaning that in different levels of certainty guarantees the validity of applied, theoretical and intuitive sciences. This comprehensive perspective of the domain of rational discourse can put an end to many disputes on the exact sense of rationality and in doing so, it can bring about a basis for more interaction and sympathy among scholars in various branches of science and open the path for deeper dialogue.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The formation of knowledge in the course of the process of abstraction, due to soul’s relation with material forms: this exactly includes natural activity of human mind in receiving knowledge from the material world 5 It is necessary here to mention two points: first, any kind of human knowledge, whether it is obtained as a result of relation with the material world or due to relation with the higher principles, so long as mankind dealing in it is with conceptions and judgments is <Page No="154"/>which is common among people.
According to Sadra, in such a process of intellection, the movement of mind is from particular to universal, sensible to intelligible and effect to cause which include all human disciplines derived from sensations, whether from particular sciences which lie in the domain of practical reason and universal sciences which are included in the area of theoretical reason (Shirazi, 1990, Vol. 9: 143).
2. Intellection in the sense of understanding the universal and necessary sciences: this stage of intellection which is beyond the function of practical reason and is its <Page No="169"/>basis and foundation, occurs for all human beings at primary stages of realization belonging to the theoretical reason capacities which includes two stages: (a) The stage of perception self-evident concepts which Sadra calls as primary intelligible.