چکیده:
Bakhtin's dialogism respects differences and appreciates dialogue. Differ-
ent fields of the humanities are increasingly apprehending dialogism; few
studies, however, have applied it in the realm of critical discourse analysis.
Respecting different human voices stands as a fundamental similarity be-
tween dialogism and critical discourse analysis presupposed by this research.
Thus, embracing dialogism in the given field, this research analyzed Martin
Luther King's I Have a Dream and Malcolm X's The Ballot or the Bullet, as
two leading political speeches in the history, exploiting two master concepts
of dialogism, self and other, in line with utterance, polyphony, centripetal or
centrifugal forces and architectonics. The analysis revealed the explored po-
litical utterances were the locus of struggle between centrifugal and centripe-
tal forces through which self-other architectonics in The Ballot or the Bullet
appeared primarily in the form of binary opposition and relative dominance
of a single voice; in contrast, the architectonics in / Have a Dream showed
various examples of polyphony and reconciliation of the voices. The domina-
tion of a single voice in the former and plurality of the voices in the latter
yielded the speech utterances respectively as the monologic and dialogic ut-
terances where covert maintenance of power in monologism, in contrast to
dialogism, can serve the aim of critical discourse analysis to study the rela-
tion between discourse and power
خلاصه ماشینی:
Critical Discourse Analysis of Two Political Speeches in Light of Bakhtin's Dialogism Farzad Salahshoor • Dept.
Thus, embracing dialogism in the given field, this research analyzed Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream and Malcolm X's The Ballot or the Bullet, as two leading political speeches in the history, exploiting two master concepts of dialogism, self and other, in line with utterance, polyphony, centripetal or centrifugal forces and architectonics.
The analysis revealed the explored political utterances were the locus of struggle between centrifugal and centripetal forces through which self-other architectonics in The Ballot or the Bullet appeared primarily in the form of binary opposition and relative dominance of a single voice; in contrast, the architectonics in I Have a Dream showed various examples of polyphony and reconciliation of the voices.
Given Bakhtin's dialogic communication and CDA's perspective for a biased-free society, the current paper is a report of an investigation of the dialogic and monologic language uses in two political speeches, namely Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream and Malcolm X's The Ballet or the Bullet.
4. Discussion The analysis of self-other architectonics of the two speech utterances showed two different approaches, one, The Ballot or the Bullet, depicting totally binary oppositions between the participants and a strong tendency to say the ultimate monologic word, and the other, I have a dream, visualizing a peaceful co-existence and talking in dialogic terms on this relationship.