چکیده:
The concepts of democracy have been around for centuries in different fields of human sciences. However, in most of these fields the idealistic and far-fetched features attributed to democracy have not been manipulated yet. It should be mentioned that there have been only a few serious attempts to find proper go-between elements, which could make such a concept as comprehensible and tangible as possible. In fact “democratic urban space” is derived from the “design for all” concept. In other words, this is the physical expression of “general democracy” which appears in urban spaces and which is definable based on specific principles. These principles (qualitative norms of democratic urban space design) are jointly based on urban design and democratic approaches, and have got a moderating role among theoretical contexts and urban physics. Based on the general aspect of mentioned concepts, there is a need for detailed attention to all urban spaces in order to find specific strategies and tools for each space, based on internal characteristics of the space and according to democratic street design norms. The present article, in line with the aforementioned purpose, aims to devise the instruments and methods, which could actualize the theoretical concepts of democracy, which are often considered at a general level in the actual life of people. In this regard, studying and investigating other democratic conceptual fields in urban street spaces (economics, culture, politics, government) alongside other forms of spatial-physical democracy in streets are surveyed in this article. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to analyse and provide design guidelines based on democracy norms in the street context. In order to achieve this goal, a wide range of theories have been reviewed and systemically classified to provide physical guidelines for democratic street design
خلاصه ماشینی:
Based on the general aspect of mentioned concepts, there is a need for detailed attention to all urban spaces in order to find specific strategies and tools for each space, based on internal characteristics of the space and according to democratic street design norms.
Therefore, the main aim of this article is to analyse and provide design guidelines based on democracy norms in the street context.
)View the image of this page( Fig. 1: The article structure <H2>LITERATURE REVIEW</H2> The science of urban design has risen from the point in which planning and logic oriented urbanism gave priority to improving the quality of life, living environment, and providing human freedoms.
In addition, &quot;Francis Tibbalds&quot; (1992) in his book &quot;Citizen-oriented Urbanism&quot; considers freedom and comfort of citizens as the main components of upgrading public spaces and urban environments (Tibbalds, 2004).
Regarding the subject of this research (democratic urban streets) the only existing literature was a masters thesis in landscape architecture, entitled &quot;Improving the Pedestrians Experience in SOHO, NYC&quot;.
<H5>Design Qualitative Norms</H5> Enriching democratic urban spaces based on the mentioned definition consists of principles which provide a theoretical framework for such spaces.
&quot; Participation in creating urban spaces provides a more user-oriented environment and participation in conservation empowers and improves the identity and the sense of environmental conservation among citizens.
Environmental Characteristics The main issue in designing democratic urban spaces is &quot;identity&quot;.
Therefore, a suitable human scale is one of the most important norms in designing democratic urban spaces, which is composed of: &quot;spatial restrictions&quot;, &quot;human scale&quot; and &quot;special contrast&quot; as its three main sub norms.