چکیده:
Background. Neuro-feedback (NFB) and physical activities are considered alternative treatments for children with ADHD that aims to optimize brain activity. Assessments of the behavioral efficacy of NF and physical interventions have produced inconsistent results. Like physical activity, yoga has been argued to be beneficial for improvement of neurological and physiological activity and behavior in a range of populations.
Objectives. The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluates the effects of NFB and yoga exercise intervention on sustained attention in children with ADHD.
Methods. Using a multicenter three-way parallel group RCT design, children with ADHD, aged 7–11, were randomly assigned to NFB (n = 7), yoga (n = 7) or control (n = 7) over a period of 8 weeks. NFB training consisted of 24 sessions of theta/beta training at Cz and Yoga exercise training composed of 24 sessions of 45 minutes over 8 weeks. Sustained attention and memory were assessed using parameters derived from the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R).
Results. Significant improvements in sustain attention and memory were observed over time in both Yoga and NFB compare to control group. To our knowledge, this is the first study that simultaneously evaluates NFB with Yoga treatment.
Conclusion. These findings suggest that alternative therapies such as yoga exercises and NFB can be complementary to behavioral interventions for children with attention problem. Hence, the findings do not support NFB and yoga training applied as a stand-alone treatment in children with ADHD.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The Effects of Neurofeedback, Yoga Interventions on Memory and Cognitive Activity in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 1Meysam Rezaei*, 1Tayebe Salarpor Kamarzard, 2Mahdi Najafian Razavi, 1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluates effects of NFB and yoga exercise intervention on sustained attention in children with ADHD.
Based on conducted studies, neuro-feedback is an appropriate treatment method for reducing the rate of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity and concentration mprovement in these children (8, 11).
Based on the results of covariance analysis, therapeutic approach of neuro-feedback showed significant effect on attention variables of ADHD children in comparison between the pretest and posttest with the control group (P=0.
(View the image of this page) Given the results in Table 3, univariate analysis showed the significant effect of yoga intervention as compared to attention variables of ADHD children in comparison between pretest and posttest with the control group (P=0.
Now, given the significant difference between neuro-feedback approach and yoga exercise in pretest and posttest with control group, the effect of each of the study variables was compared using Shidak follow up test.
According to the findings of this study, the use of neuro-feedback interventions with theta-beta protocol is effective in improving the processes of sustainable attention, short term memory and the ability for attention continuity (micro test of Arithmetic, Letter – number sequencing and coding);thus, it can be used besides the medical treatment to reduce the symptoms of hyperactivity.