چکیده:
This study aims at investigating the factors effective on poverty as one of the notable socioeconomic problems in Iran. To overcome the limitations of the prior research, the present study makes use of a multilevel model so as to simultaneously analyze the individual-level (personal characteristics) and macro-level (economic and institutional characteristics) factors. The provincial household budget data are obtained from Statistical Center of Iran and regional-national accounts of 2014 are used to explore the individual and institutional factors that might influence the poverty status of a family. Comparing the individual and institutional effects within the analytical process revealed that the model can empirically make it clear which of the two levels has the highest effects on poverty likelihoods in poor families. The study results indicate that none of the institutional and macro-level variables affects the poverty occurrence or eradication likelihoods and, in the meantime, the majority of the individual level variables, including the number of family members, employment status, age and education level of the family head are found strongly and significantly associated with poverty occurrence likelihood in a household.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Some studies carried out in this regard, including those by Hoynes et al (2005), Iceland (2003), Albrecht et al (2000), Lindsay (1999), Bound et al (1991), Eggebeen and Lichter (1991), Ellwood and Crane (1990), Ellwood (1988) and Smith (1988), are drawn on human capital theory and have come to the realization that the poverty factors are concentrated on some of the other personal characteristics like gender and age of the family head, type and structure of the family1, marital status and family dependency ratio2 (Hoynes et al, 2005).
There are many studies, including the ones by Alesina and Rodrik (1994), Bourguignon and Morrison (2001), Chen and Ravallion (2001) and Stiglitz (2003) Dollar and Kraay (2002), Tsai and Hang (2007) supporting the merits of economic development and stating that the people, both rich and poor, benefit from economic growth (Kim et al.
3 A Review of the Empirical Research Many empirical studies have been carried out about factors influencing poverty with a multilevel approach, and they have investigated the demographic factors in individual levels and macro -level and institutional factors at the same time to come up with explanations about some changes in poverty.
The results of this study indicate that population growth rate, fertility coefficient, household size, urbanization status, amounts of household and government investment in education and healthcare, economic growth, inflation, industrialization trends and status of wage, income and wealth distribution in the country are amongst the factors influencing the intensity and expansiveness of poverty in the country.