چکیده:
اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ، ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪه دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای آﻧﮑﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮآوری ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺰﯾﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎزی ﮐﻨﺪ. از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت و ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژی ﻫﺎ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮآوری را در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﭘﺮ رﻧﮓ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ در آﻏﺎز ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﺸﺎن ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ و ﻧﻘﺪﯾﻨﮕﯽ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن، ﻧﺒﻮد ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ، ﻋﺪم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﺎزار و ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﻋﺪم دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺪه روز در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، اﯾﻦ دﻻﯾﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻮآوری ﺷﺪه و دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ را ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. راه ﮐﺎر ﮔﺬر از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ در ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ رﻗﺒﺎ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪی ﮐﻔﺶ و ﺻﻨﺪل ﻣﺮال ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮای اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﺪ.
Employment is one of the most important issues in our country. Ref to subject, organizations, companies, small and medium industries play an important role. In order to create sustainable jobs, it is necessary to create competitive advantage. By scanning background of this issue, we found that innovation can play a key role in creating sustainable competitive advantages. On the other hand, globalization and shorten of products and technologies life cycle, results in paying lot more attention to innovation. It should be noted that small and medium organizations especially when they are young, may face some problems such as shortage of funding sources, not having well experienced managers, lack of having precise analysis on marketing environment and consumers and also not having access to updated operational knowledge sources. These obstacles can decrease innovation and also can make achieving competitive advantages pretty difficult. In order to overcome these barriers, it's a solution to be in touch with suppliers, customers and competitors in all levels. Research results shows that adding new innovative products could help SME achieving competitive advantages.