چکیده:
This experiment assessed the effectiveness of two interventions; mental imagery and physical training as compared to a control group, on their ability to improve visuomotor accuracy, measured by scores achieved on a visuomotor task. For mental imagery participants had to imagine throwing a dart and for physical training participants physically practised dart throwing. Measurements were recorded pre-intervention, after two weeks of training (Mid-intervention) , after five weeks of training (Outcome Measure 1) and two weeks after training (Outcome Measure 2). Comparison of Mid-intervention, Outcome Measure 1 and Outcome Measure 2 with baseline showed both interventions to significantly increase performance on dart throwing compared to the Control group. Our findings show that, as well as traditional physical practise, mental imagery can effectively improve performance on a fine visuomotor task. This is an important finding highlighting possible applications of mental imagery in those with limited motor abilities to maintain or enhance motor movement.
اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ دو ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺳﺎزی ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل را ﺑﺮای ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد دﻗﺖ دﯾﺪاری ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮی ﻧﻤﺮات ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ اﻣﺪه در ﯾﮏ ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دﯾﺪاری ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺳﺎزی ذﻫﻨﯽ، ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﺮﺗﺎب دارت را ﺗﺼﻮر ﻣﯽﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮای ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ، ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﭘﺮﺗﺎب دارت را ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮیﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ، ﭘﺲ از دو ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ) ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ (، ﺑﻌﺪ از ﭘﻨﺞ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ) ﭘﺲ ازﻣﻮن (و دو ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ) ازﻣﻮن ﯾﺎدداری (ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ، اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﭘﺲ ازﻣﻮن و ازﻣﻮن ﯾﺎدداری ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺶ ازﻣﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮﺗﺎب دارت را در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ، ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺳﺎزی ذﻫﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را در ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎر دﯾﺪاری-ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎی اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺳﺎزی ذﻫﻨﯽ را در اﻓﺮادی ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﺪودی دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺮای ﺣﻔﻆ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.