چکیده:
پژوهش در زمینه داد و ستدهای ادبی میان ادبیات فارسی و عربی یکی از عرصههای بسیار غنی و در عین حال یکی از مسائل چالشبرانگیز در میان پژوهشگران بوده است. اینکه زبان و ادبیات فارسی پس از ورود اسلام به ایران چه سرنوشتی پیدا کرده است هم یکی از مسائلی است که بحثهای بسیاری در پی داشته است. نحوه این داد و ستد و از آن مهمتر فرجام و سرنوشت ادبیات فارسی در دو قرن نخست، چه بسا دو گروه متخاصم را پدید آورده است که هر کدام در پی اثبات فرضیههای خود بودهاند که آیا اساسا ادبیاتی از دوران ساسانی به بعد از اسلام منتقل شده است و آیا چنین ادبیاتی اساسا وجود داشته یا خیر و در صورت وجود چنین ادبیاتی نحوه انتقال آن به ادبیات عربی و نحوه تعامل آن با ادبیات میزبان چگونه بوده است؟ و سوالاتی از این دست که پژوهشگران ایرانی، عرب و حتی غربیها را برآن داشته است که پاسخ یا پاسخهایی برای آن پیدا کنند. یکی از این پژوهشگران که بیش از 50 سال از عمر خویش را در زمینه پژوهشهای تطبیقی میان فارسی و عربی صرف نمود، محمد محمدیملایری بود. وی تلاش کرد در طی این سالها پاسخی برای سکوت ادبیات فارسی بهویژه در دو قرن پس از ظهور اسلام در ایران پیدا کند. این مقاله میکوشد با بررسی دو مفهوم "ترجمه و تعریب" بهعنوان مهمترین کانالهای انتقال فرهنگ و ادبیات ایرانی پیش از اسلام به دوران اسلامی از نگاه محمد محمدی ملایری که باعث مبهم ماندن چیستی و چگونگی ادبیات فارسی در دوران اسلامی شده است با فرضیههای رقیب مانند دون قرن سکوت و یا دوران گسست و انقطاع به رقابت بپردازد. این مقاله با بررسی تمام آثار مرحوم محمدی و نیز با مراجعه به منابع کهن عربی و برخی کتب و مقالات مرتبط به به اهداف خود دست یابد.
Research in the field of literary exchanges between Persian and Arabic literature has been one of the richest fields and at the same time, one of the most challenging issues among researchers, and the fate of the Persian language and literature after the emergence of Islam in Iran is also one of the issues that has caused much debate. The method of the exchange and, more importantly, the fate of Persian literature in the first two centuries, may have created two opposing groups that each of them sought to prove their hypotheses and answer the questions of whether literature was basically transferred from the Sassanid era to post Islam? Did such literature basically exist or not, and if so, how was it transferred to Arabic literature and how did it interact with the host literature? And such questions have led Iranian, Arab, and even Western scholars to find answers to them. One of these researchers who spent more than 50 years of his life in the field of comparative research between Persian and Arabic was Mohammad Mohammadi Malayeri. During these years, he tried to find an answer to the silence of Persian literature, especially in the two centuries after the emergence of Islam in Iran. This article attempts to compete with competing hypotheses such as two centuries of silence or a period of rupture by examining the two concepts of "translation and interpretation" as the most important channels of transfer of pre-Islamic Iranian culture and literature to the Islamic era from the perspective of Mohammad Mohammadi Malayeri, who has made it unclear what and how Persian literature was in the Islamic era. This article achieves its aims by examining all the works of the late Mohammadi and also by referring to ancient Arabic sources and some books and articles related to it. Therefore, by examining such theories, this study has examined the background and roots of the formation of such terms or theories to some extent, and then examined the theory of the period of transfer of Persian literature to Arabic literature during two centuries, which was proposed by Dr. Mohammadi and all aspects of his theory were explained based on ancient Arabic sources. In the end, it was found that the ways of transferring Iranian culture and literature to Arabic culture and language have been extensive, the translation and interpretation of which should be considered the most significant. The important point in this regard is that translation and interpretation have different types and go beyond what is discussed in literary and cultural circles to the extent that we see different types of interpretation such as the interpretation of history and the interpretation of characters, and this issue, that is, paying attention to the types of interpretations and not only the interpretation of Persian words expressed by Mohammadi, has solved many complex equations and mysteries of the Iranian culture and literature during two centuries and has provided us with thought-provoking answers.
خلاصه ماشینی:
محمد محمدي ملايري پس از پنج سال تحصيل در لبنان (دانشگاه آمريکايي بيروت ) به ايران بازگشت و مطالعات خود را در زمينه نقش زبان و ادبيات فارسي در گسترش و نمو زبان و فرهنگ عربي ادامه داد که بيش از پنجاه سال ادامه يافت و در قالب دوره پنج جلدي کتاب تاريخ و فرهنگ ايران انتشار يافت .
خلاصه سخن اينکه طه حسين چنين ميپندارد که اگر به دنبال تأثير ادبيات فارسي در ادبيات عربي باشيم ، کم و بيش دست خالي از اين سفر بازخواهيم گشت و اين پرسش را مطرح ميکند که کتاب هاي ترجمه شده از فارسي به عربي کجا هستند؟ احمد محمد الحوفي يکي ديگر از پژوهشگران عرب در کتاب "تيارت ثقافيه بين العرب و الفرس " به مسئله داد و ستدهاي ادبي ميان زبان فارسي و عربي اشاره کرده است .
79-112 Feminine characteristics of magical stories of Zoroastrian women in comparison with Persian examples (Case study: Aše ūmāčū)a 1 Azadeh pashootanizadeh 1.
Iranians are interested in oral culture and are therefore the source of oral stories which have never been written, including, the fairy tales Article history: that have votive tablecloths along with the Dari Behdini language Received: 17 May 2021 whose custodians are the Zoroastrian women.
International journal of Iranian- Islamic Studies, 2021; vol11 No2: Feminine characteristics of magical stories of Zoroastrian women / pashootanizadeh After that, the minister's son and his wife spread the votive table and cooked Omacho soup so that they could thank and appreciate the fairies.