چکیده:
بهرهبرداری از منابع معدنی اگرچه برای کشور بسیار مفید است، ولی آثار مخرب آن بر زندگی انسان و گیاه تاثیر منفی میگذارد. این آثار بهصورت آلودگی در خاک نمایان میشود که میتواند منجر به عدم تعادل بومسازگان شود و سلامتی انسان را به خطر بیندازد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی وضعیت آلودگی دو عنصر سرب و روی در داخل خاک سطحی منطقه معدنی کارمزد استان مازندران در اثر برداشت زغالسنگ انجام شده است. برای این منظور، چهار شاخص CF، mCF، RI و Igeo برای 110 نمونه جمعآوریشده از خاک سطحی محاسبه شد. نمونههای تهیه شده در محیط خشک به آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شد و سپس بر اساس روش ICP-MS در اندازه 75 میکرون تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مدل کریجینگ معمولی مناسبترین مدل برای نشان دادن پراکنش غلظت دو فلز سرب و روی در منطقه است. همچنین، کمترین مقدار Zn برای شاخص Igeo برابر با 0/53- و بیشترین آن برای شاخصهای CF برابر با 0/72 بهدست آمده است. مقدار غلظت سرب اندازهگیری شده بر اساس شاخصهای Igeo، CF، mCF و Ri بهترتیب برابر با 0/08، 1/03 و 213 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم است (RI CF> 1) است. شاخص Igeo نشان داد که Zn با غلظت کمتر از صفر آلودگی ندارد، ولی Pb با مقدار (0) دارای وضعیت غیرآلوده تا کمی آلوده است. شاخص بومشناختی بالقوه نیز نشان داد که مقدار غلظت دو عنصر کمتر از 150 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم است؛ پس این شاخص نیز در طبقه خطر پایین آلودگی (150RI≤) قرار دارد. نتایج تحلیل PCA نشان داد که دو عنصر Zn و Pb دارای همبستگی مناسب و پراکنش خوبی با تغییرات محیطی و عوامل انسانی هستند. با توجه به نتایج، منطقه از لحاظ غلظت دو عنصر دارای آلودگی نبوده، ولی بهتر است برای بررسی دقیقتر عناصر دیگری که در سلامتی انسان نقش دارند با استفاده از شاخصهای دیگر بررسی شود. همچنین، باطلههای زغالسنگ تاثیر زیادی بر روی غلظت عناصر ندارد.
Introduction Although the exploitation of mineral resources is very useful for the country, it has a negative impact on human and plant life with its destructive effects. These destructive effects appear as pollution in the soil, which can lead to the imbalance of ecosystems and ultimately endanger human health. In addition, economic development and the expansion of industrial areas, especially coal mining mines, cause heavy metal contamination of the soil to become more severe and cause the destruction of soil resources and the deterioration of ecosystems in different regions of the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the contamination of the two elements Pb and Zn in the surface soil of the Komarzd mining area in Mazandaran province (Iran) due to coal mining. Materials and Methods Komarzd mines in Mazandaran province are one of the largest and oldest coal-producing areas in the central Alborz coal field. Komarzd mines are located 48 km from the southern district of Qaemshahr and 25 km from Alasht. Four indices, including CF, mCF, RI, and Igeo were calculated for 110 samples from surface soil prepared at a depth of 5-15 cm. After separating the rubble, the collected soils were kept in closed plastic bags with a unique code, and a GPS device recorded their location. The samples prepared in a dry environment were transferred to the laboratory. The ICP-MS method at 75 microns was used to analyze and measure the concentration of heavy elements in the collected samples. According to the presence of different elements measured in the region's soil and the compounds in it, two metals Zn and Pb were selected for evaluation and analysis. Sampling was randomly selected based on saved points and drilling tunnels. PCA statistical test is a type of multivariate analysis widely used in sediment, water, and soil pollution studies. Varimax Rotation is one of the most common types of PCA tests to interpret the results and contamination components of the method. This statistical method can be calculated using R and SPSS softwares. Results and Discussion The results showed that the ordinary kriging model is the most suitable model to show the region's concentration distribution of the two metals, PB and Zn. Also, the statistical status of the elements showed that the lowest amount of Zn for the Igeo index is equal to -0.53 and the highest value for the CF index is equal to 0.72. The amount of Pb concentration measured based on Igeo, CF, mCF, and RI indices equals 0.08, 1.03, and 213 mg/kg, respectively (RI CF> 1). The Igeo index showed that Zn with a concentration lower than zero is not polluted, but Pb with a value (0 Conclusion According to the measurements and the results of four indices, the area is uncontaminated or has low contamination in terms of the concentration of two elements, PB and Zn. Therefore, mineral tailings and coal exploitation do not significantly affect the distribution of the mentioned elements. To improve the research results, other indices can be used to determine the role of environmental factors. Also, considering the agricultural lands and water resources of Talar River, it is better to use other elements that directly affect human health and analyze the region's conditions in terms of environmental pollution to achieve better results and accuracy. One of the main disadvantages of measuring the sources of pollution is the many problems in laboratory work and the preparation of laboratory materials. Still, with this research, it is possible to determine the existing doubts in the field of soil pollution for residents and show the impact of mining on the spread of pollutants. A suggestion to improve this research is to consider elements other than Pb and Zn in different environments such as water sources; In general, for a more detailed investigation, other elements that play a role in human health should be investigated.