چکیده:
The aim of the present writing is to emphasize the role of self-purification in understanding the general truths of the universe and to explain the position of discovery and inspiration in the learning process from the perspective of Islamic scholars. A review of the sources indicates that learning can be divided into three levels: 1) learning in animals, 2) learning in humans, and 3) learning in chosen humans. Learning in chosen humans can itself be divided into two types: discovery and intuition, which are mainly the result of human effort (internal factor), and inspiration and Ilm al-Ladhuni (knowledge from God), which is the result of divine emanation (external factor). Based on this theory, the effort for learning at the first and second levels leads to the acquisition of "knowledge," and reaching the third level of learning, which occurs through individual effort or divine emanation, leads to the acquisition of gnosis (wisdom). After explaining and clarifying this view of learning, the emphasis on the necessity of providing an integrated approach of knowledge and gnosis in the country's schools and universities concludes this writing.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Received date: 2/2/88, Accepted date: 20/4/88 Introduction Investigating how the learning process occurs is among the fascinating and necessary issues for humanity, which has prompted efforts from researchers in various fields of psychology and education to explain it.
From the perspective of Islamic scholars, the distinction between humans and animals lies in three different types of learning: learning of concepts, learning of rules (assents/tasdiqat), and فطريات (innate truths) (Motahhari, A/1361).
Third-level Learning / Explanation of Learning in Chosen Humans Based on what was mentioned in the introduction, it became clear that each of the two categories of behavioral and cognitive theories presented is based on specific philosophical assumptions.
Based on the perspective of Islamic scholars (Motahhari, 1368), discovery and intuition, as well as inspiration and Ilm al-Ladhuni, are considered another method of acquiring certain awarenesses using fundamentally different tools.
1 A group of Western and Eastern mystics have considered the only way to acquire knowledge, in an extreme manner, to be the purification of the soul and the struggle against the self; however, the view of Islamic mystics is different in this regard, and they believe that the senses, intellect, and mysticism can each, within their own limits, place a human being in front of certain recognitions.
It seems that the following items can be presented as the underlying assumptions of the learning model from the perspective of Islamic scholars: -- The middle way (Amr bayn al-Amrayn): In this regard, behavioral theories believe in determinism and consider human behavior to be the result of reinforcement and punishment applied in the environment.
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